ring (Sh. Merch. of V. V, 208). I would be sorry, but the fool should be as oft with your master as with my mistress (Sh. Tw. n. III, 1, 45). And but thou love me, let them find me here (Sh. Rom. II, 2, 72). Likewise we must understand >>but« in the conditional meaning 1) after »to beshrew: Beshrew me but I do love . . . (Sh. K. John V,

2) after »to rebuke<: The

4, 49). Merch. of V. II, 6, 52. gods rebuke me but it is tidings to wash the eyes of kings (Sh. Ant. and Cl. V, 1, 27). 3) after it shall go hard«, meaning: there must be a great obstacle if I cannot etc. That »but is to be understood here in the sense of »if not«, results from the occurring of »it shall go hard<< followed by >if (Sh. Tam. of the Shr. IV, 4, 109). It shall go hard but I will prove it (Sh. Gentl. I, 1, 86). Merch. of V. III, 1, 75. Likewise meaning »if not« »but« is to be understood: I'll plead for you myself, but you shall have him (Sh. Tam. of the Shr. II, 1, 15). May this glass suffocate me, but a fine girl is worth all the priestcraft in the creation (Goldsm. Vic. VII). I'll pawn my dukedom, but I take that garrison without spilling a drop of blood (Goldsm. She stoops, II). May I die by an anodyne necklace, but I had rather be an under turnkey in Newgate (Goldsm. Hr. 235). May this cup be my last, but it is the best wine Í ever drunk at Pompeii (Bulwer, quoted: Koch, Engl. Gr.). Deuce take me, lady Whiffle, but I've a good mind to break ect. (Peake, Court and City, II, 1).

In conditional sentences implying an irreality there often occurs, besides the ordinary sequence of tenses, another one, which we have already met with in O. E., answering completely to the Latin construction after »nisi quod« and to the German after »nur dass«<. And, but he's something stained with, thou mightst call him a goodly person (Sh. Temp. I, 2, 414): And but infirmity hath something

seized his wished ability, he had himself ect. (Sh. W. Tale V, 1, 144). Othello I, 3, 194.

b. "But that".

Completely in the manner of »but that« in the A. S. and O. E. real exceptive sentences, it occasionally occurs in Spenser; f. i. That (Damsell) was right fayre and modest of demayne, But that too oft she chaung'd her native hew (F. Q. II, 9, 40). With other writers, from Shakespeare down to our time, it is met with only in conditional sentences implying an irreality.

But that it would be double-dealing, I would you could make it another (Sh. Tw. N. V, 32). But that the Earl his flight had ta'en, The vassals there their Lord had slain (Scott, L. Minstr. 4, 10). (He) had come along with me but that his mistress did hold his eyes locked (Sh. Gentl. II, 4, 88). The sky would pour down stinking pitch, but that the sea dashes the fire out (Sh. Temp. I, 2, 4). Merry W. IV, 5, 20. As you like it I, 2, 259. At every jest you laugh aloud As now you would have done by me But that I barred your raillery (Butl. Hudibr. III, 1, 1420). In vain it were to speak anything of God but that by reason men are able somewhat to judge of what they hear (Hooker, Hr. 133). (He) had doubtless made an end to them himself, but that he fell into one of his fits (Bunyan, Hr. 160). I liked her, would have marry'd her But that it pleased her father to refuse me (Rowe, Fair Penit. I, 1). I could tell your Ladyship something, but that I am afraid it would offend you (Fielding, Hr. Gr. 1). Some of the debtors would have perished for want, but that they were delivered by the generosity of the criminals themselves (Bulwer,

1) Hr. Gr.

=

Wagner's engl. Grammatik, neu bearbeitet von

Herrig.

ib.).

Here we live in an old crumbling mansion that looks for all the world like an inn, but that we never see

company (Goldsm. She stoops I).

2. Negative principal sentence.
a. "But".

Used in the pure conditional sentence it is still sometimes to be found in Shakespeare, afterwards however but seldom. Ne 'er may I look on day, but she tells to your highness simple truth (Sh. C. of Err. V, 211). And, but she spoke it dying, I would not believe her (Sh. Cymb. V, 4, 41). Sh. 2 Henry VI. IV, 7, 128. And but I loved to drive the deer, More than to guide the labouring steer, I had not dwelt an outcast here (Scott, Hr. 413).

>>>scar

>>But<< is much more frequently found more or less completely passing into the meaning of the Latin »quin«. The accessory sentence either expresses an accompanying circumstance, or it has the character of a consecutive sentence. The negative may be replaced by »scarce«, cely«<, >seldom«. - He had not been there pissing while, but all the chamber smelt him (Sh. Gentl. IV, 4, 21). A man cannot steal, but it (the conscience) accuseth him; he cannot swear, but it checks him (Sh. Rich. III. I, 4, 139). There was never yet fair woman but she made mouths in a glass (Sh. Lear III, 2, 36). There's scarce a maid westward but she sings it.(Sh. W. Tale IV, 4, 296). For there is no man that imparteth his joy to his friend, but he joyeth the more; and no man that imparteth his grief to his friend, but he grieveth the less (Fr. Bacon, Hr. 111). I never sit thus but I think of the two lovers so sweetly described by Mr. Gay (Goldsm. Vic. VIII). Not a beech's more beautiful green But a sweet-brier entwines it around . . . Not a brook that is limpid and clear, But it glitters with fishes of gold (Shenstone, Hr. 317). Not a shrub

that I heard her admire, But I hasted and planted it there (ib. Hr. 318). He never played a game but he lost it or engaged in a conspiracy but't was certain to end in defect (Thackeray, van Dal.). There's scarce any matter of duty but it concerns them both alike (Irving, Hr. Gr.). I could scarce have a friend to Hackton but they counted the bottles drunk at my table (Thackeray, van Dal.). It never rains but it pours (Schmidt, E. Gr.1)). »But« transferred to the temporal sphere: There had she not been long but she became a joyful mother (Sh. Com. of Er. I, 1, 50). Scarce had I left my father but I met him Borne on the shield of his surviving soldiers (Addison, Cato IV, 4). Blount was not as yet returned but Raleigh came forth (Scott, Hr. Gr.).

A substantive notion of the principal sentence is not repeated as the subject of the accessory sentence. Of all which there is none but hath some mixture (Spenser, A view of the pr. st. of Irel.). There's nothing situate under heavens eye But has his bound in earth, in sea, in sky (Sh. C. of Err. II, 1, 17). There's not a man I meet but doth salute me (Sh. ib. IV, 3, 1). Sh. 2 Henry IV. I, 2, 182. Not a pine in my grove is there seen, But with tendrils of woodbine is bound (Shenstone, Hr. 317). There were none of the Grograms but could tell a story (Goldsm. Hr. Gr.). There is scarce any man but will condescend in the meanest manner to flatter himself (Fielding, Hr. Gr.). Nor one of all the race was known. But prized its weal above their own (Scott, Hr. 412). There breathes no clansman in thy line But would have given his life for thine (Scott, van Dal.). There is not a house-maid but dreams of wedding - favour (Irv., Hr. Gr.). There is sel

1) J. Schmidt, Grammatik der engl. Sprache.

dom one of them but has her love-cares and love-secrets (Irv., ib.). There is not an honest man but looks on thee as a knave (Mac. II, 65).

Sometimes the verb »to be« is omitted in the principal sentence and >but« together with the negative is, as it were, a formula, expressing a strong affirmation. No bird

but did her shrill notes sweetely sing; No song but did containe a lovely ditt (Spenser. F. Q. II, 6, 73). Not a soul but felt a fever (Sh. Temp. I, 2, 209). Not a holiday fool there but would give a piece of silver (ib. II, 2, 30). No voice but well could join Melodious part (Milton, P. L. III). Scarcely a family in the neighbourhood but incurred our suspicions (Goldsm. Vic. XV). Nor hill nor brook, we passed along But had its legend and its song (Scott, van Dal.). Not a city but has an ample share of them (Irv. Sk. B. p. 2). Not one of them but was persuaded that ect. (ib. p. 347). Not an author but was canvassed and criticised (Disraeli, Coningsby VII, 2).

Sometimes a substantive notion of the principal sentence is not repeated as the object of the accessory sentence. No jutty, frieze . . . but this bird hath made his pendent bed (Sh. Macb. I, 6, 7). No meed but he repays sevenfold (Sh. Tim. of Ath. I, 1, 288). Not a celebrated beauty but he has laid siege to (Irv. Br. H. Bachelors).

The use of >but« in order to deuote the effect of the negative degree has maintained itself in Mod. E.; but it does not occur frequently. Ne was there man so strong, but he downe bore; Ne woman yet so faire, but he her brought Unto his bay (Sp. F. Q. IV, 8, 48). Not so dull but she can learn (Sh. Merch. of V. III, 2, 164). Nor gates of steal so strong but time decays (Sh. Sonn. 65, 8). Sh. Rich. II. V, 3. Nothing (can be) so very hard but I could bear it (Rowe, Fair Penit. I, 1). No knight in Cum