Townsend, killed 1740. Lord Aubrey Beauclerk, the gallant son of the first Duke of Beauclerk, St. Albans, who fell under Vernon at Carthagena, and whose Warren, epitaph is ascribed to Young; Warren, represented by Rou- 1752. biliac with the marks of the small pox on his face. Holmes, 1761. Watson, 1757. Coote, 1783. The narrow circle of these names takes a wider sweep as, with the advance of the century, the Colonial Empire starts up under the mighty reign of Chatham. Now for the first time India on one side, and North America on the other, leap into the Abbey. The palm-trees and Oriental chiefs on the monu- Admiral ment of Admiral Watson recall his achievements at the Black buried at Hole of Calcutta, and at Chandernagore;' as the elephant and Calcutta, Mahratta captive on that of Sir Eyre Coote, and the hill of Sir Eyre Trichinopoly on that of General Lawrence, recall, a few years buried at later, the glories of Coromandel and the Carnatic. George Rockburn, Montague, Earl of Halifax, 'Father of the Colonies,' from Lawrence, whom the capital of Nova Scotia takes its name, is com- George memorated in the North Transept; Massachusetts and Ticon- Montague, deroga, not yet divided from us, appear on the monument in Halifax, the south aisle of the Nave, erected to Viscount Howe, the Lord unsuccessful elder brother of the famous admiral. But Howe, the one conspicuous memorial of that period is that of General Wolfe, his brother's friend- friends to each other as cannon to killed at Quebec 'gunpowder '3- General Wolfe. He was buried in his Sept. 13, father's grave at Greenwich, at the special request of his buried at mother; but the grief excited by his premature death Nov. 20, in the moment of victory is manifested by the unusual 'with tears sometimes.' (Pepys, iv. Gideon Loten, governor of Ba- 2 Ticonderoga appears also on the monument, not far off, of Colonel July 25, Townsend, executed by T. Carter. 1757. 1775. Earl of 1771. 1758. Greenwich 1759. His monu ment. LORD HOWE'S 6 proportions of the monument, containing the most elaborate delineation of the circumstances of his death-the Heights of Abraham, the River St. Lawrence,' the faithful Highland serjeant, the wounded warrior, the oak with its tomahawks. 'Nothing could express my rapture,' wrote the gentle Cowper, when Wolfe made the conquest of Quebec.' So deep was the enthusiasm for the 'little red-haired corporal,'2 that the Dean had actually consented to erect the monument in the place of the beautiful tomb of the Plantagenet prince, Aymer de Valence-a proposal averted by the better taste of Horace Walpole, but carried out in another direction by destroying the screen of the Chapel of St. John the Evangelist, and dislodging the monument of Abbot Esteney. It marks, in fact, the critical moment of the culmination and decline of the classical costume and undraped figures of the early part of the century. Already in West's picture of the Death of Wolfe, we find the first example of the realities of modern dress in art.3 Earl Howe-great not only by his hundred fights, but by his character, undaunted and silent as a rock, who never 'made a friendship but at the cannon's mouth'-first of the naval heroes, received his public monument in St. Paul's instead of the Abbey. It was felt to be a marked deviation from the rule, and the Secretary of State, Lord Dundas, in CAPTAINS. proposing it to Parliament, emphatically gave the reason. It was that, on a late solemn occasion, the colours which Lord 'Howe had taken from the enemy on the First of June had 'been placed in the metropolitan Cathedral.' But that great day of June is not left without its mark in Westminster. Harvey, The two enormous monuments of Captains Harvey and Hutt, Montagu, and of Captain Montagu, who fell in the same fight, origi Hutt, and died June 1, 1794. 1 The bronze bas-relief is by Capitsoldi; the monument itself by Wilton, who carved Wolfe's figure without clothes to display his anatomical know ledge.' (Life of Nollekens, ii. 173.) nally stood side by side between the pillars of the Nave,' RODNEY'S the first beginning of an intended series of memorials of CAPTAINS. a like kind. Corresponding to these three captains of the Nave, but of a slightly earlier date, are the three captains of the North Transept-Bayne, Blair, and Lord Robert Manners, Bayne, who perished in like manner in Rodney's crowning victory, Manners, and whose colossal monument 2 so cried for room expel from its place the font of the church, which has since taken refuge in the western end of the Nave.3 as to Blair, and April 12, 1782. Oct. 26, The tablet of Kempenfelt in the Chapel of St. John com- Kempenfelt, Aug. memorates the loss of the Royal George.' Admiral Harrison 29, 1787. is buried at the entrance into the Cloisters, with the two Harrison, appropriate texts, Deus portus meus et refugium, and Deus 1791. monstravit miracula sua in profundis; and the funeral of Lord Dundonald, in the Nave-thus at the close of his long life reinstated in the public favour-terminates the series of naval heroes which begins with Blake. Nelson, who at Cape St. Vincent looked forward only to victory or Westminster 1860. Abbey, found his grave in St. Paul's. Earl Dundonald, died Oct. Nov. 14, 31, buried buried The military line still runs on. The unfortunate General Burgoyne, Burgoyne, whose surrender at Saratoga lost America to Aug. 13, England, lies, without a name, in the North Cloister. 6 But 1792. of that great struggle the most conspicuous trace is left on the southern wall of the Nave by the memorial of the ill-fated Major André, whose remains, brought home after a lapse of 7 1 (Neale, ii. 228.) They were transposed by Dean Vincent, Montagu to the west end, and Harvey and Hutt, greatly reduced, to one of the windows. 2 It was shut up for seven years after its erection, from the delay of the inscription. (Gent. Mag. vol. lxiii. pt. ii. p. 782.) Neale, ii. 208. Near this are the monuments of Admirals Storr (1783), Pocock (1793), and Totty (1800), and of Captain Cook, who fell in the sea-fight in the Bay of Bengal (1799), and the hand- 5 See a humorous allusion to this The only other mark of the American war, showing the tragic interest André, died Oct. 2, 1780, buried Nov. 28, 1821. it excited, is the monument to William Wragg, died Wragg, shipwrecked in his escape Sept. 3, 1777. from South Carolina. The bas-relief appears to represent André as intended to be shot; not, as was the case, to be hanged. forty years, lie close beneath. When' at the request of the Duke of York the body was removed from the spot where it had been buried, under the gallows on the banks of the Hudson, a few locks of his beautiful hair still remained, and were sent to his sisters. A withered tree and a heap of stones now mark the spot, where the plough never enters. When the remains were removed, a peach tree, of which the roots had pierced the coffin and twisted themselves round the skull, was taken up, and replanted in the King's garden, behind Carlton House. The courtesy and good feeling of the Americans were remarkable. The bier was decorated with garlands and flowers, as it was transported to the ship. On its arrival in England, it was first deposited in the Islip Chapel, and then buried, with the funeral service, in the Nave, by Dean Ireland, Sir Herbert Taylor appearing for the Duke of York, and Mr. Locker, Secretary of Greenwich Hospital, for the sisters of André. The chest in which the remains were enclosed is still preserved in the Revestry. On the monument, in basrelief,3 by Van Gelder, is to be seen the likeness of Washington receiving the flag of truce and the letter either of André or of Clinton. Many a citizen of the great Western Republic has paused before the sight of the sad story. Often has the head of Washington or André been carried off, perhaps by republican or royalist indignation, but more probably by the pranks of Westminster boys: the 'wanton mischief,' says Charles Lamb, 'of some schoolboy, 'fired perhaps with some raw notions of Transatlantic free'dom. The mischief was done,' he adds, addressing Southey, 'about the time that you were a scholar there. Do you 'know anything about the unfortunate relic?'4 Southey, Life of Major André, by Winthrop Sargeant, pp. 409–411. Burial RegisAnnual Register, 1821, p. 332. ter. 2 In 1868 died an old American lady who had as a girl given him a peach on that occasion. 3 The monument was deemed of sufficient importance to displace that of Major Creed. 4 Lamb's Elia. Wilson, 1849. died at March 11, always susceptible at allusions to his early political principles, not till years after could forgive this passage at arms. Here and there a few warriors of the Peninsular War are to be found in the Aisles. Sir Robert Wilson, like Lord Sir R. Dundonald, after many vicissitudes, has found a place in the May 15, Nave. There also the late Indian campaigns are represented Sir James by the two chiefs, Outram and Clyde, united in the close Outram, proximity of their graves, after the long rivalry of their Pau, lives. Both the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny will be long recalled by the stained glass of the North Transept. The granite column which stands in front of the Abbey also records, in a touching inscription-from its public situation more frequently read perhaps than any other in Londonthe Westminster scholars who fell in those campaigns, and whose names acquire an additional glory from the most illustrious of their number, Lord Raglan.' Down to this point we have followed the general stream of history, as it has wound, at its own sweet will, in and out of Chapel, and Aisle, and Nave, without distinction of class or order. But there are channels which may be kept apart, by the separation both of locality and of interests. buried March 25, Lord buried 1863. MODERN The first to be noticed is the last in chronological order, THE but flows more immediately out of the general arrange- STATESment of the tombs. The statesmen of previous ages had, MEN. as we have seen, found their restingplaces and memorials, according to their greater or less importance, in almost every part of the Abbey. But in the middle of the last century a marked change took place. Down to that time one exception presented itself to the general influx. The Northern Transept, like the north side of a country churchyard-like the Pelasgicum under the dark shadow of the Two young officers, Bryan and Beresford, who fell at Talavera (1809) and Ciudad Rodrigo (1812), have monuments in the North Aisle. 2 The erection of the column (1861) is commemorated, and the inscription given in Lusus West. ii. 282-285. |