speare, or the Bible, or Milton, or in Johnson's Dictionary. The earliest authority quoted for it by Richardson is Burke, who speaks of "the jewelry and goods" of India. But, properly, jewels are no more jewelry than shrubs are shrubbery, slaves slavery, or beggars beggary. Jewelry is properly the name of the place in which jewels are kept, as slavery is the name of the condition in which slaves are kept, as beggary is that of the condition in which beggars are, and as shrubbery is that of grounds filled with shrubs. These words belong to a numerous class ending in ry, which express place, or condition, which is moral place. Such are belfry, library, laundry, bakery, buttery, aviary, grocery, pottery, armory, infirmary, bindery, confectionary. From grog we have rightly formed groggery; and our translators of the Bible called Judea, the place of the Jews, Jewry. Now, we might as well call a knot of Jews Jewry, or whiskey toddy and rum punch groggery, as a set of jewels jewelry. But jewelry is one of a few of these words which have been perverted by careless speakers. Such are confectionary, pastry, and crockery. Confections are made by a confectioner, and kept in a confectionary ; paste is kept in a pastry; and crocks, made by a crocker, are kept in a crockery. All these words have been thus correctly used. We have the proper name Crocker, derived from the occupation, like Baker or Baxter, Webster, Webber or Webb, and Fuller; and Howell (to bring forward one out of numberless examples) tells us in one of his letters. that Felton, the murderer of the Duke of Bucking ham, in his attempt to escape, "was so amaz'd that he miss'd his way, and so struck into the pastry, where" - he was arrested. The perversion of jewelry, confectionary, pastry, pottery, and crockery is probably due to the substitution of signs inscribed with words for those first used, which were merely decorated with some device or sign-whence the name. The jeweller put up JEWELRY over his shop door, and the crocker, CROCKERY, and so forth; and these names of places were at last misapprehended as names of the articles for sale in those places. As crock passed out of use as a general name (although no one nowadays has any difficulty in understanding the title of the story of the "Crock of Gold"), crockery was the first, and is the best established, of these perverted words. Next comes confectionary, although confections is not quite out of use, and might be easily restored; and the common use of paste, pot, and jewel leaves no excuse (except conformity to a bad custom which perverts meaning, cramps language, and violates analogy) for displacing them in favor of pastry, pottery, and jewelry. KINSMAN. For this hearty English word, full of manhood and warm blood, elegant people have forced upon us two very vague, misty substitutes — relation and connection. By the use of the latter words in place of the former, nothing is gained and much is lost. Both of them are very general terms. Men have relations of various kinds, and connections are of still wider distribution. Even in regard to family and friends, it is impossible to give these words exactness of meaning; whereas a man's kin, his kinsmen, are only those of his own blood. His cousin is his kinsman, but his brother-in-law is not. Yet relation is made to express both connections, one of blood, and the other of law. In losing kinsman we lose also his frank, sweet-lipped sister, kinswoman, and are obliged to give her place to that poor, mealy-mouthed, ill-made-up Latin interloper, female relation. LEAVE. This verb is very commonly ill used by being left without an object. Thus : Jones left this morning; I shall leave this evening. Left what? shall leave what? Not the morning or the evening, but home, town, or country. When this verb is used, the mention of the place referred to is absolutely necessary. To wind up a story with, "Then he left," is as bad as to say, then he slopedworse, for sloped is recognized slang. LIE, LAY.-There is the same difference between these two verbs that there is between sit and set. The difficulty which many persons find in using them correctly will be removed by remembering that lay means transitive action, and lie, rest. This difference between the words existed in the AngloSaxon stage of our language; lay being merely the modern form of lecgan, to put down, to cause to lie down, and so, to kill,—in Latin, deponere, occidere, and lie the modern form of licgan, to extend along, to repose in Latin, occumbere. Lie is rarely used instead of lay, but the latter is often incorrectly substituted for the former. Many persons will say, I was laying (lying) down for a nap: very few, She was lying (laying) down her shawl, or, He was lying down the law. The frequent con fusion of the two verbs in this respect is strange; for almost every one of us heard them rightly used from the time when he lay at his mother's breast and until he outgrew the sweet privilege of lying in the twilight and hearing her voice mingle with his fading consciousness. "Hush, my babe, lie still and slumber." The tendency to the confusion of the two verbs may be partly due to the fact that the preterite of lie is lay. "In the slumbers of midnight the sailor boy lay;" and that this expression of the most perfect rest is identical in sound with the expression of the most violent action. And damn'd be he who first cries, Hold, enough!" Even Byron uses lay incorrectly in "Childe Harold.” "And dashest him again to earth there let him lay." The keeping in mind the distinction that lay expresses transitive action, and lie rest, as is shown in the following examples, will prevent all confusion of the two: I lay myself upon the bed (action). I lie upon the bed (rest). I laid myself upon the bed (action). I lay upon the bed (rest). I have laid myself upon the bed (action). I have lain upon the bed (rest). A hen lays an egg (action). A ship lies at the wharf (rest). The murdered Lincoln lay in state (rest); the people laid the crime upon the rebels: (action). The need there is for these remarks could not be better shewn than by the following ludicrous passages in the Rules of the Senate and the Rules of the House of Representatives of the United States: "When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received but to adjourn, to lie on the table, to postpone indefinitely," &c. Senate Rule II. "When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received but to adjourn, to lie on the table, for the previous question," &c. - House Rule 42. And so it is all through the Manual. Now, considering the condition in which honorable gentlemen sometimes appear on the floor, if the rule had been ୧୯ no motion shall be received but to lie under the table," the Manual would, in this respect, have been beyond censure. The correct uses of lie and lay are finely discriminated in the following passages from the Book of Ruth, one of the most beautiful and carefully written in our translation of the Bible: "And it shall be that when he lieth down, that thou shalt mark the place where he shall lie; and thou shalt go in and uncover his feet and lay thee down. And when Boaz had eaten and drunk, and his heart was merry, he went to lie down at the end of the heap of corn, and she came softly and uncovered his feet and laid her down. and behold a woman lay at his feet. lie down until the morning. And she lay at his feet until the morning." — Chap. III. 4, 7, 13, 14. - LIKE, AS. The confusion of these two words, which are of like meaning, but have different functions, produces obscurity in the writing even of men who have been well educated. Of this I find an instructive and characteristic example in a London paper of high standing -"The Spectator." In an article supporting a remonstrance of the London |