Handel, being really Gallupi's. (See "N. & Q.," 2nd S. iv. 498.). I know that these omissions have nothing to do with the purpose for which M. SCHELCHER quotes in reply to MR. HUSK ; but they have everything to do with the question of Handel's exclusive property in the close of "Rule Britannia." The case, it may be submitted, is this: that the more the question is sifted, the more it will be perceived that the right of property in a fine air is not a question of parallel passages at all. It is a question of improving the passages themselves, and then of combining them into a more beautiful, and consequently more enduring form, than they had ever before received; and on those grounds Dr. Arne's property in “Rule Britannia" is fully assured. An air merely made up of passages from others by one who lacked these powers of finishing the details, and combining the whole into a beautiful form, would be simply a thing "of shreds and patches," while Arne's song is especially remarkable for its unity and strength. ALFRED ROFFE. may are very perfect, and it is singular they had not been referred to, if there were any doubts of the date of her death. Luttrell also notes, under July, 1679, "About this time Mrs. Gwyn, mother to Madam Ellen Gwyn, being in drink, was drowned in a ditch near Westminster." With respect to portraits of pretty Nell caution should be taken in ascertaining their authenticity, for it has been too much the custom of attributing to her the portrait of any beauty of that period. I will give you an instance: there is a picture at Burton Hall of a lovely girl with a particularly innocent expression of face, painted by Sir Peter Lely. It has always, within the recollection of the family, been called Nell Gwyn, and the belief was so strong that many years ago the Duke of St. Albans offered to purchase it. I discovered some time back a copy of this picture at Waldershare, where it is called Lady Lewisham, who afterwards married Francis Lord North, but the anachronism of both the style and dress proves this an error. Since this I have become aware of two other duplicates, at Lees Court and at Rockingham Castle, and have now ascertained that it is a portrait of Lady Arabella Wentworth, daughter of the celebrated Earl of Strafford, and sister of Ann Lady Rockingham. The presence of the portraits in all these mansions is easily accounted for. The families of Lord Monson, Lord Sondes, and Mr. Watson are all lineally descended through the Rockinghams from Lord Strafford, and by an alliance with the same (Rockingham) family, the Waldershare property came to the Guilfords. The loveliness of the original must have been the inducement for so many portraits having been taken of her. MONSON. Music consists of spirit, matter, and form. The spirit of a great composer has its distinct existence, the rhythm flowing from the actual beat of the man's heart, the peculiarity of his nervous and mental constitution; Rule Britannia, as a whole, is not Handel's spirit. It lacks his strength-his fire -the pulse of his thoughts. The matter of a tune consists in its ideas-actual which passages, be new or old. A catena of parallel passages is of slight value in testing the originality of a composition as a whole. The form with a great composer may be taken as his adopted type or mode of expressing his thoughts, and is in a great measure the result also of bodily temperament. Arne's form is Ignez de Castro (2nd S. v. 97.)-AS A DESULnot Handel's form. It is always clear, often vulTORY READER retains his incog., will he be pleased gar. Handel is often very indistinct, never vulto accept through the friendly medium of "N. & gar. Arne's eyes were close together; his features Q." my best thanks for his obliging courtesy in large and prominent, but all huddled together, not only allowing me the inspection of the play and his body all angles. So is his music. Han-to which he drew my attention, but sending it to del had large, long eyes, apart from each other, a great head, but delicate features; so varying no painter could catch them, and a body always in a roll; and such is his music. Rule Britannia is not the idiosyncrasy of Handel; not the expression of his mental and corporeal constitutions. H. J. GAUNTLETT. Replies to Minor Queries. Nell Gwynne (2nd S. v. 106.)-Luttrell's Diary, vol. i. pp. 397. 420., informs us that as early as March, 1686-7, Mrs Ellen Gwyn was dangerously ill, and her recovery much doubted, and that she died Nov. 14, and was buried Nov. 17, 1687, at St. Martin's. The parish registers of St. Martin's me with my own name inscribed upon the title- Haxey Hood Throwing: Boggons (2nd S. v. 94.) I am greatly indebted to W. H. WOOLHOUSE for his interesting account of the custom, its origin, and ceremonies; not the less satisfactory because it tallies so closely with the oral information given W. H. W. would add to the obligation if he could throw any light on the etymology of that strange and uncouth designation, "Boggons," applied to the twelve officials. A. E. me. Eastern King may probably interest some of your readers: "Let us pass from the Emanbarra to Constantia - a whimsical pile of buildings of vast extent, erected at great expense by General Martine, a Frenchman. Having entered the Company's service towards the end of the last century as a private soldier, he was afterwards transferred to the army of the Nawab of Oude, and rose step by step to the rank of general, amassing enormous wealth as he rose. He was a prudent and successful cockfighter, and Saadut Ali, the reigning Nawab of those days, was fond of betting with him. General Martine left 100,000l. to found a school for orphan children in Lyons, his birthplace, a similar sum for founding a similar institution in Calcutta, and an amount nearly equal for a third in Lucknow. Each of these institutions is called La Martinière as directed by the founder, and all are flourishing and useful. Constantia, his residence, to the public, as a serai or caravansery. It was called, I was told, after his first love, a French maiden, whom he had left behind him in France, and who died long before he attained to wealth and honours. To prevent the Nawab from confiscating the building and estate, the general was buried, by his own direction, beneath it, for a Mussulman, however unjust, will respect a grave. His tomb, in a sort of crypt beneath, is shown to visitors. A white marble bust of him stands on a sarcophagus, supported by two figures of sepoys coloured. The whole is in execrable taste. When the general died, his furniture was sold by auction, and the Company's agents purchased the chandeliers and lustres of Constantia to decorate the Governor-General's palace in Calcutta. They got them a dead bargain, for the King of Oude would not bid against the Company, and the Honourable Company was delighted with its sagacity. No Yankee pedlar could have done the thing better. When one has said that Constantia is vast and whimsical, all has been said about it that needs be said. Some part of the grounds reminded me of the gardens of Versailles, particularly a sheet of water in the form of a cross, with groves of clipped trees on either side; but on the whole, though it is apparent that vast sums have been spent to produce the result one sees before him, yet that result is altogether bizarre and wanting in harmony." (pp. 117, 118.) Quotation (2nd S. v. 110.) "Suns that set and moons that wane E. H. A. Rise and are restored again." Cowper, "On the Shortness of Human Life,' translated from the Latin of Dr. Jortin." (Works by Bohn, vol. v. p. 398.). ZEUS. The Cakes of the Indian Mutiny (2nd S. iv. 195.) -L. F., who inquires respecting the account of the Chupaties or little cakes transmitted by the Chokedars through Oude in the spring of last year, will find it in "N. & Q." (2nd S. iii. 365.), in an extract from The Times given by MR. J. GRAVES. It was then supposed to refer to the cholera. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L. Alton, Staffordshire. The Lotos-flower and the Sipahis (2nd S. iv. 161. 195. 221.)-I have heard it definitely asserted by a person well acquainted with India that the Lotos, which was said to have been handed from one Sipahi to the other before the mutiny, and which has been explained sometimes as a Brahmin symbol and sometimes as a Mahometan one implying the resurrection of Mahometan power, was not a flower at all, but was the Lota or small brass cup used by the natives. It was filled, I was told, with the sacred water of the Ganges, and was then handed from one conspiring soldier to another, as that upon which the most solemn oath that a native of India can take was to be taken. These Lotas or brass cups of sacred water, by misprint or misunderstanding, were converted into the Lotos-flower, which has puzzled the readers and writers of " N. & Q." Corroborative or other information on this point is desirable. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L. Alton, Staffordshire. Andrew Wood, D. D. (2nd S. iv. 349.) — This clergyman is a totally distinct individual from the Bishop of the Isles (as you correctly alter MESSRS. C. H. and THOMPSON COOPER'S Bishop of "Sodor and Man"). The Scottish Bishop, Andrew Wood, was son of Rev. David Wood, "a minister," and nephew, maternally, of the courageous Bishop of Moray, John Guthrie of Guthrie in Forfarshire (whose descendants still possess the of the parishes of Spott and Dunbar, both in the estate): who, after being successively Incumbent county of Haddington and diocese of Edinburgh, was promoted to the Bishopric of The Isles in the year 1676, and thence translated to the see of Caithness in 1680. At the Revolution of 1688-9 he was deprived, along with the rest of the diocesan bishops of Scotland, but appears to have retained his living of Dunbar,-which benefice he had received a royal dispensation, of June 2, 1677, to hold together with the bishopric of The Isles, —until the period of his death, which occurred at Dunbar in 1695,-in the seventy-seventh year of his age, and nineteenth of his episcopate. These dates prove his birth to have taken place in 1619, the same year in which the Shropshire Andrew Wood received his degree of D.D. at Cambridge. A. S. A. Barrackpore, E. I., Dec. 24, 1857. Ximenes Family (2nd S. iv. 190. 258.)-I forward the underwritten inscription upon a tombstone in Sidmouth churchyard for the information of your correspondent F. C. H. Culter (2nd S. v. 67.) — It seems extremely improbable, besides being contrary to analogy, that culter should have anything to do with terra; for it stands in the same position with magister, ace. magistrum, and the neuter substantives plaustrum, lustrum, &c. Besides, what does it mean? A knife, or the part of the plough that cuts the earth. And colo appears to be connected with the Greek κολαπτω, cut. The simplest equivalent would then be cutter; and how near the Latin form it is. Hitchin. TAU. The English Militia (2nd S. v. 74.)- The Wiltshire militia was one of the regiments that went to Ireland in 1798, but whether it was under the command of Thomas Earl of Ailesbury, K. T., who, as Baron Bruce, had been appointed colonel on its first enrolment in August, 1758, or whether he had then been succeeded by Henry, first Earl of Carnarvon, I do not recollect. The latter nobleman held the command to the time of his death in 1811, when the regiment was given to Charles Lord Bruce, son of the Earl of Ailesbury, who was still living. PATONCE. Michael Scott (2nd S. iv. 332. 441.) — In addition to the communication of T. G. S. your correspondent B. will find a Life of Michael Scott in a volume entitled The Eminent Men of Fife, by James Bruce, Edinburgh, 1846. 12mo. -- S. WMSON. Grammar Schools, their Usages and Traditions (2nd S. v. 99.) It was a custom at a King Edward's Grammar School in Craven, when I was there fourteen or sixteen years ago, to provide, every 26th day of March, a large quantity of the best Turkey figs and a bun for each boy. After the annual recitations, &c., the latter were distributed, and the figs, showered about in handfuls by one of the masters, were scrambled for by the boys within the school. The sum thus applied was, I believe, left originally to encourage cock-fighting. A. E. Great Events from small Causes (2nd S. passim.) The following extract from Lacon, or Many Things in Few Words, by the Rev. C. C. Colton, may form another link in the chain of causes and events already recorded in the pages of "N. & Q.": "In the complicated and marvellous machinery of circumstances, it is absolutely impossible to decide what would have happened, as to some events, if the slightest disturbance had taken place in the march of those that preceded them. We may observe a little dirty wheel of brass, spinning round upon its greasy axle, and the result is, that in another apartment, many yards distant from it, a beautiful piece of silk issues from a loom, rivalling in its hues the tints of the rainbow: there are myriads of events in our lives, the distance between which was much greater than that between this wheel and the ribbon, but where the connection has been much more close. If a private country gentleman in Cheshire, about the year 1730, had not been overturned in his carriage, it is extremely probable that America, instead of being a free republic at this moment, would have continued a dependent colony of England. This country gentleman happened to be Augustus Washington, Esquire, who was thus accidentally thrown into the company of a lady who afterwards became his wife, who emigrated with him to America, and in the year 1732, at Virginia, became the envied mother of George Washington the Great." Query, Upon what authority is this anecdote JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS. p. 7 related? Parish Registers (1st S. x. 337.) — The following are copied from the registers of Great Staughton parish in Huntingdonshire : "1571. Sepulta fuit Margareta pigrina barbata 14o die Januarij. "1591. Sepultus Matheus Stookes olim Bedellus Cantabrigiæ, die 180 Novēb. "1618. Sepulta Jana Poole anicula, 20 die Januarij. (brother to her former husband) the 15th daie of Decem"Lucy Cosen, widdow, was married to Jo. Cosen ber, 1659, at St. Neots, by the mynister of the towne, and at seaven of the clocke in the nighte." St. Neot's. JOSEPH RIX. WILLIAM H. MORLEY. Football at Westminster: Paul Sandby (2nd S. v. 69.) In your number for January 30, your correspondent J. H. L. requests information respecting a drawing by Paul Sandby, which he supposes represents the Westminster boys playing at football in St. James's Park. From his account of the drawing, and my own acquaintance with the artist's works, I am inclined to think that the drawing referred to is a view of the Eton boys, in the playing fields near the College there, as Paul Sandby was a frequent resident at Windsor, and devoted his talents especially to sketches in that neighbourhood. If your correspondent does not DALLAWAY'S SUSSEX. Vol. I. Bensley. 1815. GENEALOGICAL HISTORY OF THE CROKE FAMILY. By Sir A. Croke. 2 LIFE OF WILLIAM III. By Lord Dungannon, NEW LIGHT THROWN UPON THE HISTORY OF MARY QUEEN OF ENGLAND. LETTERS TO AND FROM SWIFT, FROM 1714 to 1738. Exshaw. Dublin. NARRATIVE OF DR. NORRIS CONCERNING FRENZY OF J. D. 1713. Wanted by J. F. at Street Brothers, 11. Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn MACROBIUS. MEURSIUS DE ARCHONTIBUS. Wanted by the Rev. F. Parker, Luffingcott, Devon. MELMOTH ON THE GREAT IMPORTANCE OF A RELIGIOUS LIFE CONSI- Princess Charlotte de Rohan (2nd S. iv. 189.) This unfortunate princess, the fiancée of the Duc d'Enghien, was eldest daughter of Charles-Armand-Jules de Rohan, Duc de Rochefort et Montauban; she was born Oct. 25, 1767, and was consequently nearly five years older than the Duc d'Enghien she never married, and died May 1, 1841, in the seventy-fourth year of her age. Her name at length was Charlotte-Louise-Dorothée; enou and her only sister, the Princess Clementine of Rohan Rochefort, widow of the Marquis de Quierrieu, died in the year 1850, aged sixty-four. A. S. A. Barrackpore, E. I., Dec. 24, 1857. Miscellaneous. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose. LOCKHART'S LIFE OF SCOTT. Vol. V. of 10 vol. Edition. Wanted by S. Markes, Falcon Street, Ipswich. "The best Work of its kind." Notes and Queries. In One handsome Volume, post 4to., pp. 700, price 17. 10s. cloth, ADAPTED FOR THE STATESMAN, THE LAWYER, THE PREACHER, THE STUDENT, AND LITERARY MEN, A TREASURY OF REFERENCE, BEING Notices to Correspondents. We are again compelled by want of room to omit many papers of great interest, and also our usual Notes on Books. OXONIENSIS. The Epigram on Barber's Monument to Butler was written by Samuel Wesley, and will be found in his Poems, 4to., 1736, p. 42., as "While Butler, needy wretch, was yet alive, See him when starved to death and turned to dust The Poet's fate is here in emblem shown: K. H. S. (Cambridge). Thanked, though anticipated. J. F. L. will see that his last communication has been anticipated. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 11s. 4d.. which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS. BELL AND DALDY, 186. FLEET STREET, E.C.; to whom also all CомMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed. UR ENGLISH ROSE. Beau USIC for SCHOOLS and the Tlustrated with a Portrait of MUSIC HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for the PIANOFORTE, 48. HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for SINGING, 10th Edition, 5s. HAMILTON'S DICTIONARY of 3,500 MUSICAL TERMS, 51st Edit., 18. CLARKE'S CATECHISM of the RUDIMENTS of MUSIC, 45th Edit., 1s. N. B. Gratis, and postage free, a Catalogue of New School Music. Also, a List of New and Secondhand Pianofortes. London: ROBERT COCKS and Co., New Burlington Street, W.; and of Musicsellers and Booksellers. MANY THOUGHTS ON MANY FREE THINGS. COMPILED AND ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED BY HENRY SOUTHGATE. "The Many Thoughts' are here arranged in the form of an analytical dictionary. We look up any subject under the sun, and are pretty sure to find something that has been said-generally well said-upon it; frequently it is something good, that in our own reading we have overlooked. The indexing is very perfect." Examiner. London: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & CO., Farringdon Street, and all Booksellers. BOOKS, MUSIC, &c. - 2d. Discount in the 1s. off all Books, Magazines, Periodicals, Quarterly Reviews, Maps, Prints, &c. The rate of postage is 2d. for each half-pound. Fourpence Discount in the 1s. off Music, Post Free. Buyers of the above will find it a saving in the cost, even after paying the postage or carriage. A 51. order sent Carriage Free to all parts of the United Kingdom. Town orders, 5s. and upwards, sent Free. Exporters and Private Buyers are respectfully informed that detailed Prospectuses will be sent Post Free to all applicants. S. & T. GILBERT, 4. Copthall Buildings, back of the Bank of England, London, E.C. Copy the Address. H.R.H. the Princess Royal, a New Song. London: ROBERT COCKS and Co., J. M. W. TURNER, R. A. GEORGE LOVE, of 81. Bunhill Row, London, has on SALE a Fine COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS from the Pictures of this Great Artist, including complete Sets of the Richmondshire, 20 plates, Prints, 31. 108. (pub. at 51. 5s.); ditto, India proofs, 71. (pub. at 107. 10s.) Views in Sussex, five exquisite plates, Proofs, 1. (pub. at 27. 10s.): India proofs, 17. 10s. (pub. at 57.)- Artists' Proofs of the Tivoli, and England and Wales; fine impressions of the Temple of Jupiter, Ancient and Modern Italy, Liber Studiorum, &c., &c. G. LOVE'S CATALOGUE of Old Engravings, Etchings, and Water Colour Drawings, Part 3., just published, sent for Two Postage Stamps, containing fine Specimens by and after Count Goudt, Hollar, Hobbema. Rubens, Ruysdael, Suyderhoef, Visscher, Waterloo, Wille, Turner, &c. LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 20. 1858. Notes. THE CANDOR PAMPHLETS. (Continued from p. 123.) The opinion of Lord Mansfield and the Court of King's Bench, in respect to the law of libel, still occupied public attention, and was from time to time brought under consideration of Parliament; and during these discussions the Candor pamphlets were reprinted, and went through edition after edition. At length, in 1770, the filing of five ex officio informations against booksellers brought the subject once again into fierce discussion; and then, in anticipation of proceedings in Parliament, out came Another Letter to Mr. Almon in Matter of Libel, dated Aug. 5, 1770, with a Postscript of thirty pages. This was quickly followed by A Second Postscript, separately published. It may be just worth while to notice that all the former pamphlets had been published by Almon, but that this Second Postscript was published by Miller; although the title-page sets forth that it was written by the Author of that Letter." ་ There can be little doubt that this Letter and Postscript were by Candor. We have the same sort of indirect acknowledgment;-thus, "when I first entered of the law," "long retreated from the battle of the bar," "when I was formerly of Gray's Inn;" and to strengthen other proofs, all the Candor pamphlets are advertised at the end of the Second Postscript, and no other books or pamphlets. Internal evidence is, however, conclusive. The principles advocated are the same; the personal feelings of the writer the same the same strong feelings, and for the same reasons, against Mansfield throughout the same doubtful commendation of Hardwicke, with like qualifications the like approval of judges publishing their opinions; the writer would have it made a duty of office the same disposition to sneer at the Scotch, at Hume and his History the same ostentatious condemnation of libels and libellers scorn of noisy patriots, Horne, &c.—the mobility and their hobby-horse Jack of Aylesbury scorn of Sandwich and his hypocrisy in dragging the Essay on Woman before the public. It was when the question of ex officio informations was under discussion, Nov. 27, 1770, that Burke referred to Another Letter. "I will say nothing on light rumours," said Burke; "but will any one tell me they are light rumours? Will the pamphlet published last summer tell me that? Was that a mean and contemptible performance? and has it made no execution with the public? It is written by a person of great professional knowledge. Sir, he has watched the movements of a certain great person with as much vigilance as we watch the Constitution. Will they say that such a book should walk through the public without enquiry? In reading it, good God! said I, that a man of these talents should not have been a member of either House of Parliament! If he had he would have been active. How he would have despised all favorites of the people; all friends of tyranny! He would have opened the grievance; he would have probed it to the bottom." The last trace that I find of this great constitutional writer is in a Summary of the Law of Libel, by Phileleutherus Anglicanus, addressed in four Letters to H. S. Woodfall, and originally published in the Public Advertizer, and subsequently collected and published by Bladon, 1771. This Summary professes to be written by a speculative, not a practising lawyer. By a lawyer certainly, and I have little doubt by Candor. Internal evidence is strong, though always open to dispute; but Almon says (Scarce Tracts, i. 274.), in a note on Libels and Warrants, "the author [of L. & W.] wrote several observations" upon the trial of Almon in 1770, and he quotes from these "several observations," and the passage quoted is taken from the fourth of the letters by Phileleutherus Anglicanus (p. 22.). Though Almon does not in that place mention the Summary by name, and does not, by note or comment, say who was the writer, even though he republished the Letters in Scarce Tracts (vol. iv.), this extract and statement proves that he knew, or believed, they were written by "Candor." It may be an additional evidence of the parentage of these four Letters and of the Candor pamphlets, that he, Almon, published the four immediately after Another Letter, in vol. iv. Scarce Tracts: and it must be considered conclusive, as in the Memoirs of Almon, though not avowedly written by Almon, the whole letter from which the extract is taken is quoted, and stated to have been written by the author of the Letter on Libels (p. 73.). With a few speculative words on the authorship D. E. I shall conclude. THE RAWLINSON MANUSCRIPTS. An interesting article appeared in The Athenæum of 30th ult. suggesting the publication of a Catalogue to the Rawlinson Manuscripts in the Bodleian, so that this mass of curious historical and biographical information may be made available to antiquaries and literary inquirers. Cambridge has made accessible the rich treasures of Thomas Baker, by the publication of an Index to his Manuscripts, and Mr. Coxe has acquainted us with the contents of most of the college libraries at Oxford in his useful Catalogue; but Dr. Rawlinson's munificent collection, for now above a century, has been comparatively unavailable to literary students for want of a comprehensive Catalogue. It appears that an Index was compiled, but never printed; for Mr. John Price, librarian of the |