THE

CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAP. I.

Situation of the French Nation and Government, and Views of the Diree-

tory.-Difficulties to be encountered by France at the Close of 1795.-

State of Parties in England. -Temper of the British Nation. - Assem-

blies for the Purpose of a Parliamentary Reform, and Peace with France.

-A great and dangerous Scarcity of Provisions. - Meeting of Parlia-

ment. Insults and Outrages of an immense Mob against the King, on

his Way to the House of Lords. The regret of all People of Sense at

this Treatment of the King. --Speech from the Throne. - Lebates

thereon. In the House of Commons. --And in that of the Lords

CHAP. II.

1

A Proclamation offering a large pecuniary Reward for the Discovery of

any Persons guilty of the revert Outrages against the Person of the

King-Conference between the Lords and Commons on this Subject. -

A. Bill for the Safety and Preservation of the King's Ferson and Go.

vernment.-- Debates thereon in both Houses of Parliament. - A Bill for

the Prevention of Seditious Meetings.--Debates thereon. -The two Bills

under Discussion in Parliament occasion a general Alarm, and much

Opposition without cons-In this Opposition the Lead was taken

by the Whig-Club-Which was followed by the Corresponding Socie-

ties and other Associations. - As well as different Bodies legally incor-

porated. The Ministry still persevere in their Measures. Debates on

the numerous Petitions against the two Bills now pending in Parlia-

ment.- General Indignation against the Principles and Objects of

these. The two Bills passed into Laws

16

In the House of Commons, Regulations respecting the Sale of Flour, and

the Making of Bread.--Motions by Mr. Lechmore and Mr. Whitbread,

respecting the Causes of the Scarcity of Wheaten Flour, and the Hard.

ships incident to the Labouring Poor, -Negatived. - Bill for encouraging

the Cultivation of Waste-Lands. - Motions for the Support of the Land

and Sea Service. - Strictures on the Conduct of Ministry in the War De-

partment.-Replied to by Mr. Windham. Debates on the Erection of

Barracks.-A Statement of the Expences of 1796, amounting from

twenty

seven to twenty-eight Millions sterling.-Debates concerning the

Terms of the Loan. - Vote approving the Conduct of the Minister on

this Subject.- New Taxes. Debates thereon - Message from the King,

intimating his Disposition to enter into a Negotiation with the present

Government of France. An Address moved, expressing the Readiness

of the House to concur in such a Measure.-Amendment thereon, moved

by Mr. Sheridan. This rejected, and the Address carried.-Motion

for Peace by Mr. Grey.-Negatived

CHAP. IV.

47

Free Negroes in the Island of Jamaica.-Hunted by Blood-Hounds.-Mo-
tion by Mr. Grey, in the House of Commons, for an Inquiry into the
State of the Nation. -Negatived.-Farther Taxes. - For paying the In-
terest of an additional Loan. -Mortality among the Troops sent against
the French West-India Islands. - Neglect and Distresses of the Troops.
-Motion for Documents on these Subjects by Mr. Sheridan.-De-
bates thereon.-Mr. Sheridan's Motion agreed to.-Motion, in the
House of Peers, for the Production of Papers respecting a Vote of Par-
liament, in 1783, recognizing the Necessity of certain Public Reforms.
-Debates thereon. - The Motion negatived. Report of the Committee
of Supply on the Resolution for granting a Subsidy to the King of Sar-
dinia. Conversation on that Subject-Charges laid against Mi-
nistry by Mr. Grey, as Ground of Impeachment; and a Motion on that
Subject.-Negatived.-Motions, in both Houses of Parliament, against
the Continuation of the War.-Negatived. - Motion, by Mr. Wilber-
force, for the Abolition of the Slave-Trade, on a certain Day-Nega-
tived. The Session of Parliament closed by a Speech from the

Throne

-

CHAP. V.

60

First Cares and Employment of the French Directory. - Determination to

keep alive the Martial Spirit of the French Nation. - And to extend

their Victories as far as possille. But, at the same Time to make a

Shew of Pacific Inclinations. - Preparations for War on the Part of the

Allies. Attempt towards Negotiation between the French and the

Allies at Basle, in Switzerland. Rupture threatened between the

French and Swiss Cantons.-Prevented. - Plan of the Directory for Mi-

litary Operations. - Manifesto of Charette. - Revival of the War in La

Vendée.-New Complexion of this. - Total Defeat of the Insurgents.-

Capture and Execution of Charette and Stoflet-Manifesto of the Di-

rectory for Restraining the Cruelties of their Soldiers.-Lenient Moa-

sures. Good Effects of these

CHAP. VI.

75

Address of the Directory to the French Armies.-Determination to carry

the War into Italy. - Difficulties to be encountered in carrying this Plan

into Execution.-Buonaparte. - The French Army, under his Command,

makes rapid Progress in Italy. The Austrians, under General Beau-

lieu, constantly repulsed, yet not dispirited. - Various Actions.-Sus-

pension of Arms agreed on between the French and Piedmontese Armies.

-General Beaulieu re-crosses the Po, for covering the Countries to the

North of that River. At Paris, Negotiation for Peace between the

King of Sardinia and the French Republic. -Treaty of Peace between

France and Sardinia ratified by the Legislative Bodies of France.-

Exultation and Confidence of the French.-Improved by Buonaparte,

for the Purpose of leading on the Army to farther Exploits. - Address

to the Army. General Object and Tendency of Buonaparte's private

Conversation.-Homage paid to the Merit of Buonaparte and the

Army, by the Directory. --Buonaparte puts his Army in Motion.-

Crosses the Po, and leaves General Beaulieu to break up his Camp.-

Armistice between the French Army and the Duke of Parma. The

French advance toward the Capital of Lombardy. - Battle of Lodi.

The Austrians retreat to Mantua. The French proceed to Milan,

where the French General allows his Peoplesome Days of Repose

CHAP. VII.

85

Exultation of the French at the Successes of their Armies. Their Army

in Italy animated by the Praises of their Countrymen, and the Conver-

sation as well as the Proclamations of Buonaparte, to a high Passion for

Glory.-Enter the Duchy of Modena. - Spoliation of Monuments of

Antiquity and Art.-Abhorrence of the Italian Nobility and Clergy to-

wards the French greater than that of the inferior Classes. A general

Insurrection ready to break out, quashed by the Vigilance and Prompti-

tude of Buonaparte. The Austrians, under General Beaulieu, with

the Connivance of the Venetians, take Possession of Peschiera. --Buona-

parte advances against Beaulieu, who retreats to the Tyrolese. The

Venetians tremble before the French.--Di miss from their Territories

the Brother of the late King and Claimant of the Crown of France.-

Buonaparte takes possession of Verona. Blockades Mantua.-Pre-

pares to march into the Tyrolese. - Detained by Insurrections in the

Distriels, known under the Name of Imperial Fiefs. These being sup-

pressed, he carries his Arms to the Southward.-Reduces Tortona, Bo-

logna and Urbino. Menaces Rome - Armistice between the Pope and

Buonaparte. Suspension of Hostilities with Naples. --Buonaparte.the

Friend and Patron of Men of Learning and Science. - Ambitious Views

of the French Republic. -Insurrection in Lugo. Quelled, and the

City reduced by the French. -The Blockade of Mantua converted into

a close Siege. Raised by Marshal Wurmser.-Actions between the

French Army and that of the Austrians, reinforced by Detachments

from Mantua. Remarkable Instance of Presence of Mind in Buona-

parte. The Austrians driven back beyond the Adige

CHAP. VIII.

-

95

Italian Mobs excited against the French.-Suppressed by a Terror of the
victorious French, - Marshal Wurmser, pursued by Buonaparte, re-

1

into the Tyrolese. The Siege of Mantua resumed. - Marshel Warmer,

powerfully reinforced, makes Head against the French in the Venetian Ter.

ritories. But is defeated. -The French take Possession of Trent. Canti-

nued Success of Buonaparte. - Marshal Wurmser, with the Remains of bis

Army, makes good his Retreat, and takes shelter within the Walls of Man-

tua. Corsica, evacuated by the English, returns under the Grueram nt of

France.-Pacification between France and Naples. -Including the Bata.

vian Republic.-Religious Zeal of the Romans. -Awakened by the Court

of Rome into Rage, and avowed Preparations for War against the French.

A new Republic, composed of several small States. - Prevalence of the re-

publican Spirit in Italy. The Austrians, reinforced with Troops from

Germany, advance against the French.-Retake Trent. But are de.

feated with prodigious Loss at Arcola. -The Austrians, though frequently

defeated, return to the Charge.-High Spirit and Courage of the Troli

ans. Devotion of the Army in Italy to the French Republic. -Patience of

she French Soldiers under manifold Privations

CHAP. IX.

109

Campaign in Germany. - Opposite Designs of the French and Austrians-
Successes of the French. - They invest Ehrenbritstein. -Driven back, by
the Archduke Charles, to Dusseldorff. - The Divi im of the French Army
under M'reau takes Post at Strasburg. -The Plan of Operations proposed
by this General-Crosses the Rhine. - Reduces the Fortress of Kebl.-

Defeats the Austrians, under Marshal Wurmser, near Philipsburg.-

And in various and successive Engagements. -The Austrians retire, in order

to wait for Reinforcements, into the Interior of Germany. - Junction of the

French Troops under Jourdan and Kleber. These united reduce Frank.

fort. Successes of Moreau in Swabin.-Cessation of Hostilities between

the French and the Princes of Wirtemburg and Baden. - Conduct of Prussia.

A Prussian Army tak-s Possession of Nuremberg. -Impolicy of the Fremb

in the Mode of raising Contributions. - Cause of this. - Depredations of the

French in Germany. - Operations of the French Armies under Moreau and

Jourdan. Disasters of the Austrians. -The Emperor represents the Situ-

ation of Germany, and bis wa Situation, in an Appeal to his Bohemian and

Hungarian Subjects - Diet of the Empire.-Partakes of the general Con.

sternation of Germany. - Determination to open a Negotiation for Peace

with France. The Tide of Success turned against the French by the Ger.

mans, under the Archduke Charles.-Obstinate Engagements. - Masterly

Retreat of the French Armies.-Particularly of that under Moreau. Con.

sequences. The Austrians occupied in the Sige of Kehl.-Sally of the Gar-

rison there. Various Actions. - Armistice between the French and Austri.

ans. The Diet of the Empire re-animated by the enterprising Spirit and

Success of the Archduke Charles, solicitous to regain the Favour of the Im-

perial Court

-

126

CHAP.

CHAP. Χ.

State of Parties in France. - A Revival of the Reign of Terror threatened in
the Sutzern Departments by Freron. - The Directory desert and oppose
the Jacobin Interest. - Conspiracy of Jacobins. - Discovered and defeated.
-Arrangements respecting the Estates of Emigrants.-Influence of the non-
juring or refractory Clergy troublesome to Government. Scandalous Neg-
lect of the Execution of Justice. - Criminal Trials. - Money and Fi
nance. The same Impositions laid on the People of the Austrian Neiber-
lands as on those of France. - New Plots and Insurrections. Law for re-
conciting the different Factions in France, by the Extinction of Terror.-
Proposal for repealing a Low which appeared to some to bear too hard
on the Relations of Emigrants. Rejected. But an equitable Alteration
made in that severe Law. This is a Matter of Triumph to the moderate
Party

-

147

CHAP. ΧΙ.

Effets expected in France from a growing Spirit of Moderation. - The Chief
Object in the Councils of France, how to break or to weaken the Power of
England.-Plan of the French for that End. - Means for restoring the
Pecuniary Credit of the French Republic. - A Rupture threatened between
the French Councils and Executive Diretory. Prevented by the Necessity
of their acting in Concert. -The Legislature invade the Province of the
Directory, by the Appointment of a Committee for judzi g in Cases of
Appeals from Emigrants, Loftiness of the Directory. - Humbled by the
wise Economy and Firmness of the United States of America. -Fea.
lousies and Disputes between the French and Americans. And an open
Rupture

CHAP. XII.

164

The Haughtiness of the Directory towards different Nations, Particularly
towards the Dutch, whom they consider, not as Confederates, but a con
quered People. Moderation of the Republic and preponderating Party in the
United Provinces. - Batavian Convention. - Its Proceedings. Affairs of
Geneva. Meeting of the National I stiture of France. - Considered as an
auspicious Omen of the Return of Pereira keign of the Arts-And Li-
berty of Thunking and Publishing oral Subjects. The Alliance between the
Church and Monarchy of France, in the End, ruinous to both. The new, or
constitutional, Clergy avow their Asset to the Separation of the Church from
the State. Yet venture to condem som Things settica, or approved, by the
republican Government but which they oustmered as ad erse to the Dignity
and Interests of the Ecclesiastical Orar.- The Settlement of Ecclesiastical
Affairs considered by the Generality of the French as a Matter of great

Importance