256. PYRETHRUM. 1. P. Parthenium, stem erect, 2 feet high; leaves stalked, compound, flat; leaflets ovate, cut, the uppermost confluent; flower-stalks corymbose; rays white, shorter than the diameter of the yellow disk. Common Fever-few. Hab. Waste ground, and about hedges. "About Newwater- haugh," Thomp. Old walls near Eyemouth, Rev. A. Baird. Near Twizel Toll. July. 2. P. inodorum, stem branched, spreading; leaves sessile, pinnate, in numerous capillary pointed segments; flowers large, solitary, white; crown of the seeds entire. Horse-gowan. Hab. Fields and road-sides very common. Aug.-Oct. 3. P. maritimum, stems diffuse; leaves sessile, doubly pinnate, fleshy, pointless, convex above, keeled beneath; flowers large, white; crown of the seeds lobed. Sea Feverfew. Hab. Sea-banks about the Needle-eye, Thomp., but in almost inaccessible places. July, Aug. 4 257. ANTHEMIS. 1. A. arvensis, stem much branched, hairy; leaves doubly pinnatifid, hairy, segments parallel; flowers white; receptacle conical, scales lanceolate, acute, keeled, prominent; seeds crowned with a quadrangular border. Corn Chamomile. Hab. Road-sides in various places, but nowhere plentiful. "By the old tower near the Magdalen-field Farmhouse," Thomp. Near Cheswick Buildings; and near the Inn on Doddington Moor. July. The A. Cotula is mentioned as a common weed by Messrs BAILLEY and CULLEY in their Agricultural Survey of Northumberland; and, from the Botanist's Guide, it would appear to be far from rare either in that county or in Durham, but we have not seen it within the limits we have assigned to ou selves. 258. ACHILLEA. 1. A. Ptarmica, leaves linear, pointed, equally and sharply serrated, smooth; flowers white, corymbose. Sneeze-wort. Hab. Moist meadows and pastures, most common on a moorish soil. July, Aug. 24 2. A. Millefolium, stem furrowed; leaves doubly pinnatifid, hairy, segments linear, toothed, pointed; flowers small, white or rose colour, in a dense flattish corymb. Common Yarrow. Hab. Pastures and way-sides. June-Aug. 24 A useful plant in pastures, but too common to require to be sown. The root is warm and agreeably pungent, partaking of the flavour and salivating quality of the Pellitory of Spain. An infusion of the flowering tops was once a celebrated stomachic, but is now neglected, except by the good women of Or Orkney, who use it as tea, and hold it in estimation for its virtue in dispelling melancholy. III. FRUSTRANEA. 259. CENTAUREA. 1. C. nigra, lower leaves somewhat lyrate, with angular lobes, upper ones ovate; calyx black, its scales oval, fringed with upright capillary teeth; flowers discoid, crimson; seed-down very = short, tufted. Black Knapweed. Hab. Pastures and road-sides. July, Aug, 24 2. C. Cyanus, leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, lower ones toothed towards their base; calyx-scales serrated; flowers skyblue. Corn Blue-bottle, or Blawort. Hab. Corn-fields not uncommon. July, Aug. "The wild flowers afford a blue for painting in watercolours, the expressed juice requiring only to be mixed with cold alum-water."-Sм. "As blue as a Blaver," was once a familiar comparison in the Merse, now intelligible to few. * Anther of 2 distinct vertical cells, fixed to the summit of the column. 260. ORCHIS. Nectary with a spur behind. ** Anther parallel to the stigma, of 2 cells close together, permanent. 261. LISTERA. Calyx spreading; nectary without a spur, nearly flat; petals spreading; column without wings. *** Anther terminal, fixed. 262. EPIPACTIS. Nectary without a spur, tumid underneath at the base, contracted in the middle, undivided at the er.d. I. MONANDRIA. 260. ORCHIS. * Knobs of the root roundish, undivided. 1. O. bifolia, leaves usually 2, elliptical; knobs of the root oval, taper-pointed; lip of the nectary lanceolate, entire, about half the length of its very long spur; lateral calyx-leaves spreading downwards. Butterfly Orchis. Hab. Marshy places, and also on heaths. Bogs below son. The flowers are in a long loose spike, yellowish-white, and in the evening exhale the scent of the sweetest honeysuckle. I have gathered a curious specimen, in which the nectary had 2 spurs and 2 lips of the usual size and length, 4 calyx leaves, and petals unusually elongated, while the germen contained 4 capsules. 2. O. mascula, knobs of the root oval; lip of the nectary 4cleft, crenate, spur obtuse; calyx-leaves 3-ribbed, 2 lateral ones reflexed upwards. Early Purple Orchis. Hab. Pastures frequent. Very abundant on our seabanks. May. Salep is prepared principally from the roots of this species. For the manner of its culture and preparation, I must refer to Dr HUNTER'S Georgical Essays, York, 1777, and to WITHERING's Botany. The leaves are generally spot. ted with black, but we have frequently observed them entirely green. The flowers are purple, and are believed to be the " Long-purples" of SHAKSPEARE, with which poor OPHELIA formed her fantastic garlands. "There is a willow grows ascaunt the brook, ** Knobs of the root palmate. 3. O. latifolia, stem hollow; leaves unspotted; knobs imperfectly palmate; lip of the nectary convex, crenate, slightly 3cleft, spur conical; bracteas longer than the flowers. Marsh Orchis. Hab. Marshes and moist meadows, common. June. 4 4. O. maculata, knobs palmate, spreading; lip of the nectary flat, crenate, 3-lobed, spur cylindrical, rather shorter than the germen; bracteas shorter than the flowers. Spotted Orchis. Hab. Meadows and pastures, common. July. 4 Leaves spotted with black. Flowers pale purple or white, streaked with dark lines. We have examined numerous specimens, and uniformly find the bracteas longer than the germens, green with crimson edges. The anthers are yellowish, as well as the pollen, and, when touched at the base of the filaments, readily separate, and adhere to the needle, as much, perhaps, from their irritability, as from their glutinous quality. 5. O. conopsea, knobs palmate; lip of the nectary in 3 entire equal lobes, spur very slender, twice as long as the germen; calyx widely spreading. Aromatic Orchis. " In Hab. Moist meadows and pastures, not uncommon. The flowers are rather small, of an uniform crimson colour, |