chancellor, was appointed to be judge; but the conclusion was, the stronger party carried it : for so religion was brought into kingdoms, so it has been continued, and so it may be cast out, when the state pleases.

14. It will be a great discouragement to scholars that bishops should be put down i for now the father can say to his son, and the tutor to his pupil, “Study hard, and you shall have vocem et sedem in parliamento; then it must be, "Study hard, and you shall have a hundred a year, if you please your parish." Objection. But they that enter into the ministry for preferment, are like Judas that looked after the bag. Answer. It may be so, if they turn scholars at Judas's age; but what arguments will they use to persuade them to follow their books while they are young?

BOOKS, AUTHOR S.

1. THE giving a bookseller his price for his books has this advantage: he that will do so, shall have the refusal of whatsoever comes to his hand, and so by that means get many things, which, otherwise, he never should have

seen.

2. In buying books or other commodities, it is not always the best way to bid half so much as the seller asks: witness the country fellow that went to buy two groat shillings; they asked him three shillings, and he bid them eighteen pence.

3. They counted the price of the books (Acts, xix. 19) and found fifty thousand pieces of silver, that is so many sestertii, or so many three half-pence of our money, about three hundred pounds sterling.

4. Popish books teach and inform: what we know, we know much out of them. The fathers, church story, schoolmen, all may pass for Popish books; and if you take away them, what learning will you leave? Besides, who must be judge? the customer or the waiter? If he disallows a book, it must not be brought into the kingdom; then Lord have mercy upon all scholars. These Puritan preachers, if they have any things good, they have it out of Popish books, though they will not acknowledge it, for fear of displeasing the people : he is a poor divine that cannot sever the good from the bad.

5. It is good to have translations, because they serve as a comment, so far as the judgment of the man goes.

6. In answering a book, it is best to be short, otherwise he that I write against will suspect I intend to weary him, not to satisfy him besides, in being long, I shall give my adversary a huge advantage; somewhere or other he will pick a hole.

7. In quoting of books, quote such authors as are usually read; others you may read for your own satisfaction, but not name them.

8. Quoting of authors is most for matter of fact; and then I write them as I would produce a witness; sometimes for a free expression, and then I give the author his due, and gain myself praise by reading him.

9. To quote a modern Dutchman, where I may use a classic author, is as if I were to justify my reputation, and I neglect all persons of note and quality that know me, and bring the testimonial of the scullion in the kitchen.

CANON LAW.

IF I would study the canon law as it is used in England, I must study the heads here in use, then go to the practisers in those courts where that law is practised, and know their customs. So for all the study in the world.

CEREMONY.

1. CEREMONY keeps up all things: 't is like a penny-glass to a rich spirit, or some excellent water; without it the water were spilt, the spirit lost.

2. Of all people, ladies have no reason to cry down ceremony; for they take themselves slighted without it. And were they not used with ceremony, with compliments and addresses, with legs and kissing of hands, they were the pitifulest creatures in the world. But yet, methinks, to kiss their hands after their lips, as some do, is like little boys, that after they eat the apple, fall to the paring, out of a love they have to the apple.

CHANCELLOR.

1. THE bishop is not to sit with a chancellor in his court, (as being a thing either beneath him, or beside him,) no more than the king is to sit in the king's bench when he has made a lord chief justice.

2. The chancellor governed in the church, who was a layman: and therefore 't is false which they charge the bishops with, that they

:

challenge sole jurisdiction for the bishop can no more put out the chancellor, than the chancellor the bishop. They were many of them made chancellors for their lives; and he is the fittest man to govern, because divinity so overwhelms the rest.*

CHANGING SIDES.

1. IT is the trial of a man to see if he will change his side; and if he be so weak as to change once, he will change again. Your country fellows have a way to try if a man be weak in the hams, by coming behind him, and giving him a blow unawares; if he bend once, he will bend again.

2. The lords that fall from the king, after they have got estates by base flattery at court, and now pretend conscience, do as a vintner, that when he first sets up, you may bring your wench to his house, and do your things there; but when he grows rich, he turns conscien

* Selden here alludes to the chancellors of dioceses; several of whom are still laymen. Instead of "for their lives," the context would lead us to expect "for their knowledge of the laws," or some equivalent expression. The lay chancellors have generally been civilians.