PARTIE FRANÇAISE.

SYNTAXE.

Page 11, line 4 from bottom, for Prenons-en-un read Prenons-en un.
41, line 22, for grosselles read groseilles.

INTRODUCTION.

ETYMOLOGICAL INDEX.

As the French language, at the epoch of its formation, offers ele-

ments which are mostly Latin1, a knowledge of the formation of

French words from their Latin originals will be of use to the scholar.

According to grammatical rules, such words are formed by

"APHERĚSIS", or taking away from the beginning.

APOCOPE3, or cutting off from the end.

SYNCOPE, or cutting out from the middle.

PROTHESIS, or augmentation at the beginning.

PARAGOGE, or augmentation at the end.

METATHĚSIS7, or transposition of letters.

VOWEL-CHANGE.

CONSONANT-CHANGE.

EPENTHESIS, or insertion.”-T. K. ARNOLD.

APHÆRĚSIS, or taking away from the beginning.

ADAMAS, ADAMANTIS, diamant, diamond; AV/UNCULUS, oncle,
uncle; GIB BOSus, bossu, hump-backed; IL|LE, le, the, him; IL/LA,
la, the, her; ILLORUM, leur, to them, their; ORYZA, riz, rice:
P|TISANA, tisane, ptisan or diet-drink.

1 A few of its elements are Greek: βλάξ (blax), BLASER, to pall,

to surfeit, to stupify; βάθος (bathos), BAS, low (EN BAS, down); χόλος

(cholos), COLÈRE, anger; κρεμαστὴρ (kremaster) from κρεμάω (kremao),

CRÉMAILLÈRE, pot-hanger; μύσταξ (mustax), MOUSTACHES, mustachios;

χρίμπτειν (chrimptein)? GRIMPER, to climb, etc. Some are Teutonic,and

these refer chiefly to military, feudal and agricultural terms: war, guerre;

HELM, heaume, helmet; DEGEN, dague, dagger; WACHT, guet, watch;

SCHENKEN, échanson, cup-bearer; SCEPEN, échevin, alderman; MARK,

marche, marquis; GARTEN, jardin, garden; HAMM, hameau, hamlet;

WASSER, gâcher, to temper (mortar, plaster); wazo, gazon, turf, etc. A

few are Celtic: ALP, Alpes, Alps; ARD, ardoise, slate; BAT, bateau, boat;

CASNUS, chéne, oak; GWERID, guéret, field, etc.:-and a few are from the

Arabic and other Oriental languages.

2 ἀφαίρεσις (aphairesis), retrenchment, ἀφαιρέω (aphaired), I take-from.

3 ἀπὸ-κόπτω (apo-koptó), I cut-from.

4 συγκόπτω (sugkoptó), I cut together, I cut up.

5 πρόθεσις (prothesis), prefixture.

6 παραγωγή (paragoge), augmentation, παράγω (parago), I advance.

7 μετάθεσις (metathesis), transposition.

8 ἐπένθεσις (epenthesis), interposition, insertion.

APOCOPE, or cutting-off from the end.

AMICUS, ami, friend; AN|NUS, an, year; ARGENT|UM, argent,
silver; BONUS, bon, good; CAMPUS', camp; CAPUT, cap (de pied
en cap), head; CENTUM, cent, hundred; COLLUM, col (cou), neck;
CRUDUS, cru, raw; DEVOTUS, dévot, dévoué, devotee, devoted;
DOLUS, dol, deceit or cheat; DONUM, don, gift; DURUS, dur,
hard; FATUUS, fat, a fool, a coxcomb; FERRUM, fer, iron;
FIL|UM, fil, thread; FINIS, fin, end; FORT IS, fort, strong;
JUMENTUM, jument, a mare; GRANDIS, grand, great; LACUS,
lac, lake; LONG|US, long; MAIUS, mai, May; MALUM, mal,
evil; MANDATUM, mandat, mandate; METAL LUM, métal; MOLLIS,
mol (mou), soft; NIDUS, nid, nest; NOMEN, nom, name; NULLUS,
nul, none; NUDIUS, (nud, then) nu, naked; PORC|US, porc, pork,
hog; PORT US, port; PRINCEPS, prince; PORT US, port, harbour;
PROMPT US, prompt; PURUS, pur, pure; QUANDO, quand, when;
SANG UIS, sang, blood; SOLUM, sol, soil; SOLIDUS2, sol (sou3);
SONUS, Son, Sound; SUPERFLU US, superflu; VAN NUS, van, fan (in
agriculture); VENTUS, vent, wind; VINUM, vin, wine.

Apocope appears also with some further change:—AURUM, or,
gold; BRACHIUM, bras, arm; BREVIS, bref, short; CERVUS, cerf,
stag; CHORUS, chœur, choir; CIRCULUS, cercle, circle; CŒLUM,
ciel, heaven; EDICTUM, édit, edict; FRENUM, frein, curb; GRÆCUS,
grec, Greek; MONSTRUM, monstre, monster; оVUM, œuf, egg;
ORACULUM, oracle; PALATIUM, palais, palace; PALLIDUS, pâle,
pale; REGNUM, règne, reign; RIGIDUS, rigide, rigid; SIGNUM,
signe, sign; SINUS, sein, bosom; TRUNCUS, tronc, trunk; UNQUAM,
oncques, ever.

SYNCOPE, or cutting-out from the middle.

ANIMA, ame, soul; CONSANGUINEUS, cousin; CORPUS, corps,
body; FUNDUS, fonds, ground, land, soil; LEGERE, lire, to read;
MAGIS, mais, but; NUBES, nue, cloud; PONDUS, poids, weight;
SACRAMENTUM, serment, oath.

Syncope appears with various further changes, especially those
which result from the omission of final consonants of syllables in
the Latin words: AUCTOR, auteur, author; DORSUM, dos, back;
FENESTRA, fenétre, window ; INSULA, île, island; MAGISTER, maître,
master; MASCULUS, male, male; NATALIS, Noël, Christmas; PAS-
CHA, Páques, Easter; SUBJECTUM, sujet, subject; TRAJECTUM,
trajet, passage. Observe in âme, fenêtre, île, maître, mále, Páques,
the compensating circumflex accent (see page 3).

Other changes resulting from the ejection of consonants are
also frequent: CAUDA, queue, tail; CRUDELIS, cruel; CULTELLUS,
couteau, knife; GLYCYRRHIZA (yλvkòs, glukus, sweet, píča, rhiza,
root), réglisse, licorice; LACRIMA, larme, tear; PLUVIA, pluie, rain;
PREDA, proie, prey; VITA, vie, life.

1 Champ, field. 2 A shilling. 3 Halfpenny. 4 For Christi natalis dies.