3. Describe fully the process of nitrification taking place in the soil, and give a detailed account of the manner in which certain plants are able to grow and flourish in soils from which all traces of nitrogen have been removed.

4. Describe in detail the different movements produced in plants by variations in the direction of incidence of the rays of light.

5. Give an account of the modes of reproduction in Nostoc, Agaricus and Licopodium. Des the plant in these cases represent the sporophyte or the gametophyte generation? Give reasons for your answer.

6. Clas-ify Calyciflora. Name the principal natural orders included in each ultimate division, and discuss their affinities with one another.

7. Give the general characters of the natural orders Anonacea, Nyctaginaceæ, Verbenacea and Scita ninacea, and discuss their affinities with the allied orders. Mention also some plants belonging to these orders.

TUESDAY, 20TH NOVEMBER.

[10-30 A.M. TO 1-30 P.M.]

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY-PAPER I.

1. Describe the nervous mechanism of Respiration. What experiments have been made to study the localisation of the Respiratory Centre?

2. Describe the structure of a Sympathetic ganglion. How is the "ympathetic system conn: cted with the Spinal system of nerves? Give some experiments to demonstrate the functions of vaso-motor nerves in the splanch ic area

3. What electrical changes are observed in a resting and a contracting skeletal muscle? How are these changes experimentally studied? Compare these chauges with those observed in a heart which is

(a) rendered quiescent,

(b) actively beating.

Describe fully the apparatus required.

4. Give a full account of fat digestion and fat absorption. Discuss the various factors concerned in these processes.

WEDNESDAY, 21ST NOVEMBER.

[10-30 A.M. TO 1-30 P.M.]

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY-PAPER II,

1. What histological changes have been described in nerve cells as the result of stimulation or section of nerve fibres?

2. How may endocardiac pressure be measured? Compare the changes of intraventricular pressure with the simultaneous changes of aortic blood pressure and point out what evidence this comparison affords as to the mode of formation of the pulse curve.

3. Describe the chief experiments by which the cause of Pancreatic Diabetes has been investigated.

4. Describe in detail the development of the male and female genital organs.

TUESDAY, 20TH NOVEMBER.

[2-30 P.M. TO 5-30 P.M.]

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY-PAPER I.

1. What circumstances determine the climate of a place? Discuss the probability or otherwise of past changes of climate being due to difference in distribution of land and water.

2. Write a short note on the variation of latitude.

What

3. Describe the kinds of waves produced by an earthquake. How have the rates of propagation of the different earthwaves been determined? important deductions are arrived at from the results ?

4. Draw a section of a volcano and name the substances ejected. Where are they usually met with? How are volcanoes classed ? What are fissure eruptions and where in India has this phenomenon been indicated ?

5. What are pseudomorphous crystals? In what manner does the hexagonal differ from the tetragonal system ?

6. Give the chemical formula and the crystalline system of each of the following minerals:

(1) Brucite, (2) Andalucite, (3) Calcite, (4) Argentite, (5) Serpentine, (6) Azurite.

How would you distinguish between

(1) Molybdenite and graphite.

(2) Pyrite and pyrrhotine.

(3) Natrolite and Scolecite.

7. Define the terms plutonic and volcanic as applied to igneous rocks. How would you proceed to determine whether a given rock should be classed as plutonic or volcanic?

8. Give the range in time of the following genera, mentioning the formations in which they are most abundantly found :

Calymene, goniotites, orthoceras, producta, trigonia, and voluta.

9. Briefly state a few of the remarkable events which distinguished the history of the Tertiary era. What parts of India are occupied by the Tertiary rocks ?

10. Describe the Sewalik formations and name the localities where they Write a brief note on the Homotaxis of the Gondwana system.

occur.

WEDNESDAY, 21ST NOVEMBER,
[10-30 A.M. TO 1-30 P.M.]

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY-PAPER II.

1. Write a short essay on the causes and modifying influences at work in producing the colour effects at sunrise and sunset.

2. What is meant by the term "cyclone" and "anticyclone"? Explain carefully the distribution of barometric pressures in the areas where such phenomena are being manifested. What is a 'typhoon"? In what respect

does it differ from a thunder-storm ?

66

3. State as clearly as possible the conditions and circumstances of the formation of a glacier and its history till it finally disappears--(a) in high latitudes; (b) in the temperate zone; and (3) in the tropics.

Are glaciers to be found within the Indian area; if so, under what circumstances?

4. Describe the mineral vein and its relation to the surrounding rock. What is the difference between overlap and unconformity ? How do you

identify the latter?

5. Explain the terms-crystal habit, ideal form, interfacial angle, parameter.

What is meant by hemihedrism and tetartohedrism?

State the law of symmetry.

6. Give the chief properties of the following minerals :

Olivine, augite, aragonite, obsidian.

In describing a mineral to what points should you attach the greatest im Portance ?

7. Describe the local metamorphism of rocks.

8. State fully the general characters of the carboniferous system, and name some of its typical fossils.

Name the localities in India where it is developed and the peculiarities associated with the formations.

What two 9. By what other name is the Vindhyan system known? separate areas does this system occupy and to what circumstances is the great interest of this system due ?

What is meant by the Gondwana system? What was the climate which probably prevailed about the time the system was formed? What peculiarities do you notice in the distribution of these deposits and in the appearance of the districts where they occur?

10. Explain what is meant by high level and low level laterite. Give the composition and geological age of this rock. State very briefly the theories put forward to account for its origin. How is the great extension of the laterite beyond the trap area explained ?

The Hon'ble Dr. RAMKRISHNA GOPAL BHANDARKAR,
M.A., 'h.D., LL.D., Hon. M. R.A.S., C.I.E.
KAMALASHANKAR PRANSHANKAR TRIVEDI, B.A.

In English.

In Sanskrit.

MANCHERJI KAVASJI KANGA, M.A., B.SC., L.M. & S.} In Natural Science.

The Rev. E. BLATTER, S.J.

...

...

MONDAY, 26TH NOVEMBER.

[10-30 A.M. TO 1-30 P.M.]

ENGLISH-PAPER I.

N.B.-Eight questions only to be attempted, 3, 5 and 9 being compulsory.

1. Briefly sketch Milton's Academy with its succession of studies and general aim. Criticise his remarks on (1) languages and (2) organic arts.

2. How does Milton explain the origin of commonwealths, kings, parliaments? What was his own idea or scheme of the sovereign power and of a "just and free government"? Show the bearing of his opinions on the subsequent course of English history.

3. Annotate (giving the context or reference) —

(1) Laccnic apophthegms:

(2) A brief model.

(3) The barbaric pride of a Hunnish and Norwegian stateliness.

(4) Still searching what we know not by what we know.

(5) Lucretius without impeachment versifies his Epicurism to Memmius. 4. State briefly the main points in Carlyle's contrast of the twelfth and nineteenth centuries. How far did he succeed in establishing the idea, and justifying the purpose, of this book?

5. Interpret

(1) Hero worship is the soul of all social business among men.

(2) Even such a potter were Destiny with a human soil that would lie at ease. (3) Monachism itself so rich and fruitful is now all rotted into peat, and a most feeble bog-grass of Dilettantism all the crop we reap from it.

(4) No idle promenade through fragrant orange groves and green flowery spaces, waited on by the choral Muses and the rosy Hours: it is a stern pilgrimage through burning sandy solitudes, through regions of thick-ribbed ice. The stars keen-glancing from the Immensities send tidings to him, the graves silent with their dead from the Eternities.

6. Who were the following:

Chrysostom, Protagoras, Menander, Aquinas, Grotius, Novalis ?

7. Give examples of departures from English idiom in Milton and in Carlyle, indicating the source or purpose of the peculiarities.

8. Describe the relations of DeQuincey to the literary men and movements of his time; and estimate how far his mind and style were moulded or influenced by contemporary ideas and models.

9. Annotate, giving the allusions and the meaning—

(1) Veiled or unveiled the inscription remains for ever.

(2) Beyond the art of Phidias and Praxiteles, beyond the splendours of Babylon and Hekatompylos.

(3) In these last the gorgeous imagery would have dazzled my feeble vision, and in both the gigantic thinking would have crashed my efforts at apprehension.

(4) Winning noble mercy for themselves by some "repeated air of sad Electra's poet."

(5) Such a carnival display, mask and anti-mask, of impassioned lifebreathing, moving, acting, suffering, laughing.