VIEW OF THE STATE OF EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. BY HENRY HALLAM, LL.D., F.R.A.S., POREIGN ASSOCIATE OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOLUME I. NEW YORK: W. J. WIDDLETON, PUBLISHER. 1870. HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY GIFT OF WILLIAN N. SEAVER Sex 42.1936 Cambridge: Presswork by John Wilson and Son. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. Ir is the object of the present work to exhibit, in a series of historical dissertations, a comprehensive survey of the chief circumstances that can interest a philosophical inquirer during the period usually denominated the Middle Ages. Such an undertaking must necessarily fall under the class of historical abridgments: yet there will perhaps be found enough to distinguish it from such as have already appeared. Many considerable portions of time, especially before the twelfth century, may justly be deemed so barren of events worthy of remembrance, that a single sentence or paragraph is often sufficient to give the character of entire generations, and of long dynasties of obscure kings. Non ragioniam di lor, ma guarda e passa. And even in the more pleasing and instructive parts of this middle period it has been my object to avoid the dry composition of annals, and aiming, with what spirit and freedom I could, at a just outline rather than a miniature, to suppress all events that did not appear essentially concatenated with others, or illustrative of important conclusions. But as the modes of government and constitutional laws which prevailed in various countries of Europe, and especially in England, seemed to have been less fully dwelt upon in former works of this description than military or civil transactions, while they were deserving of far more attention, I have taken pains to give a true representation of them, and in every instance to point out the sources from which the reader may derive more complete and original information. Nothing can be farther from my wishes than that the following pages should be judged according to the critical laws of historical composition. Tried in such a balance they would be eminently defective. The limited extent of this work, compared with the subjects it embraces, as well as its |