Triangle, original use of, as a symbol, Trubetskoy, Prince, his exile to Si-
Triangulation, system of survey,
cxviii. 380. See Cadastral Survey
Trichinopoly, French attacks on,
cxxvii. 552
Trinity House, the, constitution of,
cxv. 173
Trochu (General), his 'French Army
in 1867,' cxxvi. 269; practical sa-
gacity of his views, 284; his mili-
tary service, 285; on the motive
and mechanical power of armies,
ih.; opposed to re-engagements,
286; on the value of mercantile
enterprise for supplies in war, 200;
on the use of infantry and cavalry,
291
joins the Government of Na-
tional Defence, cxxxiii. 28; his
conscientious patriotism, ib.
his government of Paris
during the siege, cxxxiv. 512
his condemnation of élite
corps, cxl. 462
Troy, disputed topography of, cxxxix.
508; the Homeric Ilium, ib.; the-
ories of Demetrius and Strabo,
509; Le Chevalier's alleged dis-
covery of the Scamander, 510;
traditional site of Homeric city
upheld by Mr. Grote, 511; rival
theories compared, ib.; article in
Edinburgh Review, vol. vi. p. 258,
referred to, 512 note; the case 'not
proven' before Dr. Schliemann's
researches, ib.; Von Hahn's re-
searches on the Bali Dagh, 513;
the hill of Hissarlik, 514 (see
Schliemann, Dr.); small area of
the Homeric city, 529; reputed site
objected to, as too near the sea, 536
Troyon (Frédéric), his 'Lacustrine
Abodes of Man,' cxvi. 153; on the
discoveries of lake-dwellings in
Switzerland, 159; on ancient
sepulture, 166; his sketch of primi- |
tive Swiss life, 167; his estimate
of the lake-populations, 169
Truffles, edible kinds of, cxxix.
361; dogs employed to hunt for,
Trump Street, Cheapside, origin of
the name, cxxxi. 173
Tschudi (Giles), his Swiss chronicle
of Tell, cxxix. 151
Tucker (Mr. F. F.), his tour in the
Caucasus with Messrs. Freshfield
and Moore, cxxx. 338, 340
his travels in the Orteler and
Lombard Alps, cxxx. 133; his
mountaineering enterprise, 134
Tulloch (John, D.D., b. 1822), his
view of miracles, cxvi. 386
his Rational Theology in
England,' cxxxvii. 198; his liberal
views of Church policy, 209
'Tun,' the word in Shakspeare ex-
plained, cxxxvi. 366
Tunbridge Wells, imperfect water-
supply of, cxxiii. 386, 387
Turanian races, cxvi. 156; evidences
of their high antiquity, 172
Mr. Fergusson's theories of,
CXXX. 489
Turcoing, battle of (1794), cxl.
480
Turgot (Anne Robert Jaques, 1727-
1781), his commercial reforms,
cxiv. 351
Turin, invested by the French, cxvi.
518; the siege raised by Prince
Eugene, 520
Turkey, the treaties of 1840 and
1841, cxi. 153
- imperfect geographical know-
ledge of, cxii. 318
Russian pretensions in 1853,
cxvii. 316; change in army organi-
sation of, 320
her claims over the Waha-
bees, cxxv. 11
integrity of, guaranteed by
treaty between England, France,
and Austria, cxxxiii. 275; pre-
vious similar proposals, 276; the
treaty of Unkiar Skelessi, 333;
British policy in 1839, ib.; con-
vention with Egypt, 335
Turkeys, their domestication, cxi.
163; the brush-turkey or telegalla,
Turks, crusade against, proposed in
1505, cxxi. 220, 221
Turnbull, family of, origin of the
name, cxxi. 343
Turnour (Hon. George), on the
Buddhist literature of Ceylon, cxv.
386
Turnpikes, preamble of the first Act
in England respecting, cxix. 354
(see Highways); condition of turn-
pike trusts, 363
Turnpike-Trusts, first Acts respect-
ing, cxxv. 90
Turquoise, specimens of, cxxiv. 259
Tuscan Sculpture, religious school of
in the middle ages, cxxi. 521; the
Pisan school of, 522-530; Sienese
sculptors, i. 534; period of the
Renaissance, ib.; the della Robbia
family, 542; Mr. Perkins' picto-
rial school of, 544; bad qualities
in, 545; future prospects of, 552
Tutchin, his pamphlet and sentence,
cxxxiv. 192
Twistleton (Mr.), his contributions
to the Dictionary of the Bible,'
cxxi. 56, 57
Tyburn, derivations of, cxxxi. 164
Tyerman (Rev. L.), his 'Life and
Times of Wesley,' cxxxv. 56; his
enthusiasm for Methodism, ib.;
faults of style and language, 57
Tyler (Wat), Mr. Longman's ac-
count of his insurrection, cxxix.
550, 551
Tylor (Edward B.), his Anahuac,
or Ancient and Modern Mexico,'
cxxv. 332; on the skill of the an-
cient Mexicans, 335; his theory of
primitive immigration, 362
his Primitive Culture' and
'Early history of Mankind,' cxxxv.
88; rapid strides of recent inquiry,
89; his systematic treatment, 91;
his object stated, 92; his high
qualifications, 93; his cautious in-
ferences from facts, 94; his reti-
cence misunderstood, 95; sweeping
statement on the savage state of
primitive man, 96; his argument
of the Stone Age criticised, 98;
on fish-eating tribes, 99; tests of
ancient culture disproved, 101;
the Ethiopians, ib.; stone imple-
ments in Arabia for sacred pur-
poses, 102; his development hypo-
thesis, 112; Mr. Darwin's reason-
ing compared, ib. 114; his vindi-
cation of human progress, 115; on
the identity between savage and
civilised intelligence, 116; his
comparative method of mythology,
118; on the rudiments of religious
belief, 119; his want of exact
psychological knowledge, 121;
general value of his researches,
ib.
Tylor (Edward B.), his theory of
Animism and the worship of de-
parted spirits, cxxxix. 435
Tyndall (John, b. 1821), his skill as
an Alpine climber, cxiii. 225; his
'Memoir' on glacier movement,
235; on the regelation of ice by
contact, 236; applies the pheno-
menon to glaciers, 239; on the
veined structure of glacier ice,
248; later modification of his
views, 249; on the Geyser erup-
tions, 545 note
his illustrations of the pro-
duction of heat, cxix. 6; his lecture
'on Force' at the Royal Institu-
tion, 14
Tyndall (John), his lectures
Sound, cxxvii. 103; his scientific
merits, ib.; his theory of clang-tint
as an attribute of sound, 120
on the absorption of radiant
heat by gases, cxxx. 145
his lectures on 'Faraday as
a Discoverer,' cxxxii. 177
UCCELLO (PAOLO, b. 1396), his posi-
sion in Italian art, cxxxv. 132
Ufzul Khan, his Affghan conquests,
CXXV. 17; his vigorous govern-
ment of Balkh, ib.;
loyalty to Shere Ali, 19; bis re-
bellion and reconciliation, 20; im-
prisoned by Shere Ali, 21; in-
stalled Ameer after Shere Ali's
defeat at Ghuznee, 30; his sensual
indulgence, 31
Uganda, kingdom of (Eastern Africa),
history and description of, cxviii.
223; court ceremonies and rules
of precedence in, 224
Ulm, surrender of General Mack at,
Ulphilas (Bishop, 4th century), the
Codex Argenteus of his Gothic
Gospels at Upsala, cxl. 235; theft
from the MS., 236; collation
thereof, by M. Cleasby, 237.
Ulrichs (Dr.), his theory of the site
of the Homeric Troy, cxxxix. 511
Ultramontanes, pretensions of, to
civil allegiance, cxxxvii. 576
reascendency of, under Pius
VII., cxxxix. 361; their recent
aggressiveness in Germany, 369
Ultramontanism, world-wide move-
ment against the aggressions of,
cxx. 460
Ulster, the settlement of, cxxix. 422;
ancient Brehon laws in, 423; cus-
tom of Tamistry, ib.; the Planta-
tion Scheme of James L., 427 ;
settlers on confiscated lands, 429;
hard terms on the native race,
430; Scottish immigrants, ib.; the
Irish Society, 431; patent of the
London Companies, 432; rebellion
of 1641, 433; harsh policy of
Cromwell, ib.; the Act of Settle-
ment, 434; cruel expedient of the
Court of Claims, ib.; policy of
James II., 435; fresh conquest of,
in 1690, 436; Catholic and Pro-
testant views of the Settlement,
ib.; it separated the two races,
438; and established prosperity in
Ulster, 439; custom of tenant-
right, 440; manufacturing supe-
riority founded by the settlement,
441; importation of French
weavers, 442; linen manufacture,
443; enrichment of the Irish
Church, ib.; foundation of Irish
Presbyterianism, 447; the Regium
Donum, 448 (see Presbyterians,
Irish); identity of land and Church
interests, 451; Protestant magis-
tracy, 453
Uniformity, Act of (1662), its un-
paralleled stringency, cxv. 599
circumstances of its passing,
Act for amendment of (1872),
cxl. 457
Uniformitarian theory of geology,
the, cxviii. 298
cxxxi. 44, 48; its logical
weakness, 53
Union Assessment Committee Act
(1862), cxx. 589
Unitarians, their past services to the
Church of England, cxxxvii. 214;
eminent members of the sect,
215
Unitarianism, Dr. Döllinger on the
causes of, cxxxviii. 214
United States. See America
Universities (English), want of social
intercourse between undergradu-
ates and the authorities, cxi. 331;
present superiority of Greek over
Latin scholarship at, 340
refining influence of social
life at, cxxxix. 336; scheme of
education at, distinguished from
the cramming' system, 344
early age at which eminent
men have entered, cxxv. 59
pass examination at, com-
pared with that of German uni-
versities, cxxvii. 155; their func-
tions contrasted with public
schools, 156; evils of competi-
tion, 157; undue importance
attached to examinations, ib.;
arguments for extra-collegiate
system, 158; Dr. Pusey's con-
trary views, ib.; wide duties of
college lecturers, 160; mischiefs
of over-competition to teachers,
161; want of scientific education,
463
Upas-tree, the, in Kew Gardens,
cxxxviii. 524; exaggerated notions
of its poisonous character, ib.
Upham (Edward), his 'Sacred and
Historical Works of Ceylon,' cxv.
386
Urban VI. (Pope, d. 1389), circum-
stances of his election, cxii. 117;
schism consequent thereon, ib.
Urban VIII. (Maffei Barberini, Pope,
1568-1644), his plunder of the
Pantheon at Rome, cxviii. 358;
pasquinade thereon, ib. note
-his mediation between France
and Austria, cxxiii. 38, 39. See
Mazarin, Cardinal
Urbino (Duke of), his capture of
brigands for Sixtus V., cxxxii.
305
Urgel, bishops of, co-protectors of
Andorre, cxiii. 352
Uriconium (Wroxeter), excavations
at, cxi. 365
Urry (Mr.), his edition of Chaucer,
cxxxi. 9
Uruguay, river, fluctuations in its
volume, cxxxix. 447
Usher (James, Archbishop of Ar-
magh, 1580-1656), anecdote of
his care of choice books, cxxiv.
344
Usury, condemned by the Church,
cxxi. 450; fallacies respecting, ex-
posed by Bentham, 451
Utah (U.S.), growth of the settle-
ment, cxv. 189
Utilitarianism, the term applied to
education, cxx. 163, 164
its degrading influence on
morals, cxxx. 40
Utraquists, the, cxxxvi. 284
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), its provi-
sions respecting the Spanish suc-
cession, cxi. 152, 153
Utrecht, Commercial Treaty of, cxi.
Peace of, effect of on English
politics, cxxxii. 531
VALETTA, bishopric at, proposed by
Bishop Blomfield, cxviii. 566
Valla (Lorenzo, 1406-1457), his
attack on the 'Donation of Con-
stantine,' cxxxvi. 129; promoted
by Nicholas V., ib.; his quarrel
with Poggio, 130
Valmy, battle of (1792), cxxiv. 565;
its short duration, ib. note
Vambéry (Arminius), his travelling
disguise discovered by Yakoob
Khan, cxxv. 30 note
Vambéry (Arminius), his 'Central
Asia,' cxxxix. 289
Vancouver Island, failure of first at-
tempts to colonise, cxix. 448; ceded
to the Hudson's Bay Company,
449; resumed by the Crown, 451;
physical aspect of, 452; its climate
favourable to English emigrants,
453; its advantages as a naval
station, 454; probably a fragment
of the mainland, 455; coal supply
of, ib.; price of land in, 456
Vandals, their pillage of Rome, cxviii.
348; their occupation of Africa, 349
Van Diemen's Land, failure of the
'probation system' in, cxvii. 248
Varangian Guard, the, cxviii. 241
Varennes (Billaud), refuses pardon,
cxxviii. 291; his interview with
General Bernard at Cayenne, ib.
Varnhagen von Ense (Karl Auguste,
1785-1858), his correspondence
with Humboldt, cxii. 213; his
diaries not meant for publication,
216; his description of Rahel, 220;
his marriage with her, ib.
Varro (Marcus Terentius, B.C. 118-
20), his works burnt by Pope
Gregory, cxxiv. 356
his rationalising division of
religions, cxxxix. 441 note
Vasari (George, 1512-1574), his
'Lives of Painters,' cxxxv. 122,
125
Vassy, massacre of, cxxx. 365
Vatican Codex, the (of the Bible),
first mentioned by Erasmus, cxii.
258; its origin unknown, 260;
extracts made in the sixteenth
century, ib.; early collations of,
261; its high antiquity a demon-
strated fact, 265; a facsimile edi-
tion promised, ib.
deficiencies in, supplied by
Dean Alford, cxxii. 108
Vatican Council, the (1869), sum-
moned by Pius IX., cxxx. 297;
question of its constitution, ib.;
deviations from precedent, 298;
convoked by the Pope alone, ib.;
disregard of State rights, 300;
partial selection of bishops, 304 ;
refusals of the Eastern Church,
305, 309; Protestants not invited,
ib.; the Council not Ecumenical,
311; it is simply a gathering of
the Latin Church, ib.; prospects of
debate, 312; absurdity of Latin
declamations, 313; questions for
discussion, ib.; Decretals of Isi-
dore, ib.; the creeds, ib.; the
Filioque clause, 314; question of
papal infallibility anticipated, ib.,
authority of Councils of Trent and
Constance must be settled, 317,
318; original propositions for de-
bate, 320; topics substituted, b.;
questions of biblical authority and
interpretation must be treated,
321; claims of science and litera-
ture, 322, 323; the Index Libro-
rum prohibitorum, ib.; pilgrimages
and relics, 324; transubstantiation,
325; social topics, 326; doctrine of
the future state, 327; question of
membership of the Romish Church,
ib.;
relations of Church and State,
329; conflicting views respecting
the Syllabus, ib.; endowment in
Ireland, 331; question of conven-
tual obedience, 332; its decisions
must be unambiguous, 333; im-
portance of publicity and freedom
of debate, ib.; value of personal
influence, 334; anticipations, 336
note, confirming opinions in above
article, 602
Vatican Council (1869), recent works
on, cxxxiv. 131; scene at its open-
ing in December, ib. ; two protest-
ing bishops, 133 note; internal
divisions revealed, 134; publicity
prohibited, ib.; Fallibilists and In-
fallibilists, 135; rival denunciations,
ib.; general discord and disorder,
136; actual results of, 137; Dog-
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