6. Graeffenberg; or, a True Report of the Water Cure, with an Account of its Antiquity. By ROBERT HAY GRAHAM, M.D. 7. Life at the Water Cure, or a Month at Malvern. By R. J. LANE 8. Confessions of a Water Patient. By Sir E. B. LYTTON, Bart. ART. XI.-Redogörelse Sjukvärden ä Kongl. Seraphimer Lazarettets Afdelning för Invertes Sjuke, under Loppet af Ar 1842 Medical Report of the Internal Diseases treated in the Royal Seraphim Hospi- ART. XIII.-The Brain and its Physiology; a Critical Disquisition on the Methods of determining the Relations subsisting between the Structure and Functions ART. XV.-A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children. By JAMES MILMAN COLEY, M.D., Member of the Royal College of Physicians in London, &c. ART. I.-Notes and Recollections of a Professional Life. By the late WILLIAM FERGUSSON, M.D., Inspector-General of Military Hospitals. Edited by his Son ART. II.-The Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Body in Health and Disease, illustrated with numerous Drawings in Colour. By ARTHUR HILL HASSALL, ART. IV.―The Vegetable Kingdom; or the Structure, Classification, and Uses of Plants, illustrated upon the Natural System. By JOHN LINDLEY, F.R.S., F.L.S., Professor of Botany in the University of London, and in the Royal Institution ART. V.-The Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body, and its Applications to Pathology and Operative Surgery; with a series of Lithographic Drawings the Size of Nature. By RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S. The Drawings by JOSEPH III.-Report on the Homœopathic Treatment of Acute Diseases in Dr. Fleisch- mann's Hospital, during the months of May, June, and July, 1846. By GEORGE THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN MEDICAL REVIEW, FOR JULY, 1846. PART FIRST. Analytical and Critical Reviews. ART. I. Die Hauptformen der Seelenstörungen in ihren Beziehungen zur Heilkunde. Von Dr. MAXIMILIAN JACOBI. The principal Forms of Insanity in relation to Treatment. By Dr. MAXIMILIAN JACOBI.-Leipzig, 1844. 8vo, pp. 822. Or the continental writers of the present day on the subject of insanity, few, if any, have acquired a higher reputation than Dr. Maximilian Jacobi. Although perhaps his opportunities for observation have not quite equalled in extent those afforded by the larger lunatic hospitals in England and France, yet so much accurate discrimination has been exercised in the still numerous cases which have fallen under his notice, and so much practical knowledge has been displayed even in some of his earlier works, that he may, without doubt, be looked upon as one of the highest authorities in all questions relating to disorders of the mind. The lunatic asylum of which he is the director is at Siegburg, situated about five miles from the town and university of Bonn, on the eastern bank of the Rhine. It is devoted to the accommodation of insane patients from the Prussian Rhenish provinces. Jacobi's first work was entitled, Collections for the Treatment of Disorders of the Mind' (Sammlungen für die Heilkunde der Gemüthskrankheiten), and consists of two volumes. The first, published in 1822, contains an account of "The Retreat" near York, a translation of Mr. Samuel Tuke's work; and the second division, a translation of various articles respecting insanity, contributed by Esquirol to the 'Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales,' never collected in the French language until published shortly before his death by the author, in his last great work, entitled 'Traité des Maladies Mentales,' &c. The subject of the second volume is 'Psychical Phenomena, and their relation to the system in a healthy and diseased state.' Here we have XLIII-XXII. 1 some account of his physiological theory concerning the relation of the brain and of the system in general to the mind, which, in the course of his other works, he more fully develops. In 1830 Jacobi published a work, called 'Observations concerning the Pathology and Treatment of Diseases connected with Insanity' (Beobachtungen über die Pathologie und Therapie der mit Irreseyn verbundenen Krankheiten), the most important and valuable part of which consists of a series of very interesting cases, related with great minuteness. In the former part of this book, after some introductory remarks, he brings forward a theory, in which, however, he is far from being peculiar, viz. that there is no disease of the mind existing as such, but that insanity exists solely as the consequence of disease, either functional or organic, in some part of the bodily system. The third section is taken up with critical remarks upon the works of Esquirol, Georget, and Guislain; and in the fourth we have some imperfect statistical account of the insane in the Prussian Rhenish provinces. The number of lunatics is computed to be 1 in 1000 inhabitants. The remaining two thirds of the work are devoted to the description of twentyseven cases of insanity of various forms, interspersed with the conversations and writings of the patients themselves, both in prose and poetry. In 1838 the first volume of the Journal for the Diagnosis and Cure of disordered Conditions of the Mind' (Zeitschrift für die Beurtheilung und Heilung der krankhaften Seelenzustände) was edited by Jacobi and Nasse of Bonn, and published at Berlin, containing a series of essays upon subjects connected with insanity-cases, prophylactic treatment, a description of English asylums, &c., by the editors, and by Drs. Flemming, Jesse, and Zellen, who are directors of lunatic establishments in Germany. The English asylums, his visits to which are described in this Journal by Jacobi, are Hanwell, St. Luke's, New Bedlam, Maidstone, Oxford, Stafford, Lancaster, Liverpool, Wakefield, and the Retreat near York. The construction of these houses is a subject to which considerable attention has been paid by the author. Besides the translation of Mr. Tuke's description of the Retreat, inserted in his Sammlungen,' Jacobi afterwards wrote a separate work, laying down principles and directions for the erection of suitable buildings for a hospital for the insane, with a particular notice of the establishment at Siegburg, of which he is the director. This treatise has been translated from the original language and published with introductory remarks by Mr. Samuel Tuke. It is unquestionably the best work extant on the construction of lunatic asylums. The present work of Dr. Jacobi will, when complete, consist of three volumes, only one of which is as yet published. It is divided into five sections:-1st, a series of cases; 2d, an account of the pathological phenomena which occur in diseased conditions connected with mania; 3d, the causes of mental disorders having the character of mania; 4th, the course of diseases connected with mania; and 5th, the treatment of mental diseases. In his introductory remarks we find the following classification of the various forms of insanity. I. Alienation of the appetites or propensities, comprising a state of exaltation, being mania, and a state of depression, being melancholia. II. Alienation of the intellectual powers, subdivided into illusion and dementia. III. To these two classes we have a third added, which also comprehends two divisions, viz. delirium and idiotcy, forming altogether six species of insanity, which he proposes to describe. This first volume is devoted to the consideration of mania alone. The second will contain melancholia and illusions: the third, the remaining forms of insanity. In its general plan the volume before us bears considerable resemblance to the celebrated work of Louis on phthisis. The inferences and observations in the second part are founded upon a strict examination of several accurately recorded cases, which are given in detail in the first part. The cases are separated into three groups, which are thus arranged: 1st. Cases of mania (Tobsucht) without illusion (Wahnsinn), with but little disturbance of the intellectual powers. 2d. Cases of mania with delirium or incoherence (Bewirrtheit) without illusion. 3d. Cases of mania with illusion, being subdivided into two sets-mania in one and illusion in the other class being the predominant feature. All the cases, with the exception of some which are called "Outlines," are drawn up with that accuracy and attention to minute details in their histories which is the result of the admirable system of clinical instruction prevalent in most German medical schools. Before we pass on to notice the second section of this volume, in which are contained the author's remarks and inferences from the fifty cases which he reports, it will be worth while to extract one from each group, to assist us in understanding the succeeding parts of the work. These and the others are like them-will probably startle and provoke our readers, from their astounding lengthiness; but we prefer giving a few of these cases in all their fulness, to abridging many of them, as it is on the fidelity of his individual portraits that the author must be judged. Unquestionably many of the details are unnecessarily minute, and a careful revision of the MS. might have saved the reader from not a little unnecessary diffuseness and repetition. The cases, however, as they are here delineated, will afford valuable studies to the practitioner; and, we doubt not that their perusal is capable of supplying important hints to most of our clinical physicians that have to deal with insane patients. In the division of cases exemplifying mania without illusion, the first is interesting, as it gives us an example of the disease in a low stage of its development, and serves to illustrate the accuracy with which the commencement of the disease is investigated. We give it in full: "CASE.-J. R., a man of strong bodily constitution, had just passed his 37th year when he was brought, in September 1839, to the asylum. He was born of healthy parents, in good circumstances, who were remarkable for their intelligence and good dispositions, and no other case of insanity was known in the family. The patient also in his early life, although an unruly boy, had shown proof of excellent abilities, and was on that account intended by his parents for some literary occupation. After having been sent to school he soon became disinclined to this mode of life, and discovered a strong inclination for farming, was fond of horses and dogs, and delighted in hunting. As his father possessed considerable landed property, and his brothers had devoted themselves to other pursuits, it became easy for him to follow his inclination, and he had acquired so much skill that the whole of his paternal estate was left under his care, and improved yearly by his exertions. Until his twentieth year his health had been apparently good. In that year he |