The Retrospective Review, and Historical and Antiquarian Magazine

several warrants for the delivery of collars of the king's livery to foreign ambassadors during the reign of Henry VII., by whom the PORTCULLIS was introduced alternately with the letter S ; and collars in that form, with a rose pendent, were then issued to the two chief justices and the chief baron, and have ever since been worn by their successors in those high offices.

By the statute for reformation of excess in apparel, 24 Henry VIII., the wearing of a collar of gold, "named a collar of S,' was restricted to the degree of a knight. In the following year Sir Stephen Pecocke, mayor of London, and such of the aldermen as were knights, appeared on several occasions of ceremony in collars of SS'. The collar now worn by the city chief magistrate, composed of SS., roses, knots, and portcullises, was presented to the corporation by Sir John Allyn, and first worn by Sir William Laxton in 15442.

The wills of Henry VII. and VIII. are sealed with a signet on which are the royal arms, surrounded by a collar of S, and a rose, between two portcullises, pendent therefrom.

Since the accession of Elizabeth, no mention has been discovered of the issue of collars of the royal livery, excepting those which are still provided by the lord chamberlain for the judges, the kings and heralds of arms, and certain officers of the royal household.

STANDARDS.

In the article on "the BANNERS used in the English army," some observations were made on STANDARDS1, about which very little is known. It is, therefore, with much satisfaction that

we are enabled to lay before our readers the e blazoning, from contemporary manuscripts, of those which were borne by many of the principal individuals in this country in the reigns of Edward the Fourth and Henry the Eighth.

It is stated in the paper referred to, that Standards " had inthe chief the cross of St. George, were slitte at the end, and contained the crest or supporter, with the poesy, worde, and device of the owner." The length of them varied according to the rank of the bearer: the king's was from eight to nine yards in length; that of a duke seven yards; a marquess's six yards and a half; an earl's six yards; a viscount's five yards and a half; a baron's five yards; a banneret's four yards and a half; and a knight's four yards. They were registered They were registered by the heralds,

1 Hall, pp. 798. 800. 805.

2 Maitland's London.

3 N. S. vol. i. pp. 111. 113, 114, 115.

and the charges on them were selected and authorized by the Officers of Arms. The original grant of a Standard to Giffard of Chillington is still preserved; and docquets of the grant of a Guydon to Hugh Vaughan, Esq. 1491, and of a Standard to Sir Hugh Vaughan, Knt., are recorded in the College of Arms1. It is not a little singular, that though ancient families are well acquainted with the arms of their ancestors, they are entirely ignorant of the bearings placed on the Standards under which they fought in war. The papers which will be inserted on the subject will fortunately supply this information in numerous instances; and hence, whilst they add to the stores of the lover of Heraldry, they cannot fail to interest the descendants of those persons who are thus honourably commemorated..

Nor are the first two articles destitute of value for historical purposes, as they present authentic notices of the number, expenses, regulations, and progress of two armies which invaded France, the one in 1474, and the other in 1513.

The expedition into France under Edward the Fourth is noticed by Chroniclers, from whom it appears that it consisted of fifteen hundred men at arms, and fifteen thousand archers; that it was admirably equipped; and that Edward landed with it at Calais, in July, 1474. The amicable result of the expedition is well known; and Edward returned to London in the September following. Of Henry the Eighth's invasion, in 1513, Hall has given a very particular account, and his list of the chief persons who accompanied the king agrees exactly with the ensuing article; but the latter supplies a few facts relative to the march and success of the English army, which render it of some historical value.

An allusion to Standards, in a letter from Queen Katherine of Arragon to Thomas, afterwards Cardinal, Wolsey, dated at Rich-. mond, 13th August, 1513, whilst the King was in France with that expedition, is so intimately connected with this subject, that it is desirable the passage should be inserted. Speaking of a war with the Scots, her Majesty says, "My hert is veray good to it, and I am horrible besy with making standerds, banners, and bagies" [badges.]

The blazon of the Standards of Edward III., Richard II., Henry V., Edward IV., Henry VII., and Henry VIII., have been taken from a beautifully illuminated MS. in the College of Arms, containing paintings of the standards of a great many persons in the reign of Henry the Eighth.

The annexed wood-cut will best explain the parts of the Standard referred to in the blazon by the letters A. B. C. D, and the engraving of one of the Standards of Henry the Seventh gives a sufficient idea of the way in which the charges occurred. The motto was placed on the bends, between the spaces marked by the letters in the annexed wood-cut.

The ground was sometimes of one colour, but more generally of two; if of two, the division was always into longitudinal stripes, sometimes two, sometimes four in number, In the following blazon, after the name of the person whose Standard is described, the first thing noticed is the colour or colours, the uppermost, where there are two, being uniformly first mentioned; and unless otherwise especially stated, the Standard is to be understood as consisting of two stripes only. Then follow the charges, the capital letters A, B, C, D, designating the respective divisions of the Standard, and which are referred to by similar letters in the wood-cut above.

STANDARDS.

[From the MS. marked I. 2. in the College of Arms.]

EDWARD III.-Blue and red. A, the Lion of England imperially crowned; in chief, a coronet of crosses patee and fleurs de lis, between two clouds irradiated; in base, a cloud between two coronets. B, in chief a coronet, in base an irradiated cloud. C, in dexter chief and sinister base an irradiated cloud, in sinister chief and dexter base a coronet, as before. Motto-Dieu et mon droyt.

RICHARD II.-White and green. A, a Hart couchant, argent, armed, unguled, ducally collared, and chained or, between four suns in splendour. B, two suns. C, four suns. Motto-Dieu et mon droyt. HENRY THE V., by the House of Herforth.-White and blue. A, a Swan, wings elevated and displayed argent, beak gules, legs sable, ducally gorged and chained or, with three roots of trees, one

in dexter chief and two in base, or. B, two similar roots. C, five similar roots, three in chief and two in base. Motto-Dieu et mon droyt.

HENRY THE V., for the House of Lancaster.-White and blue. A, a red Rose, barbed, vert, seeded gold. On B and C, nothing. Motto -Dieu et mon droyt.

A third standard.-White and blue. A, an Ibex statant, argent, armed, maned, tufted, ducally gorged, and chain reflexed over the back, gold, with four red roses. B, two red roses. C, five red roses; two on the white, as many on the blue, and the fifth over the division of the colours. Motto-Dieu et mon droit.

EDWARD IV.-Blue and red. A, the Lion of England, imperially crowned between three red roses on the blue, and as many white roses on the red, all barbed, seeded, and irradiated gold. B, two similar roses. C, four similar roses. Motto-" Dieu et mon droyt."

A second standard.-Blue and red. A, a large white Rose, seeded and irradiated gold, with a smaller rose in the lower sinister corner. B, two similar roses. C, five similar roses; three on the blue, and two on the red stripe. Motto-Dieu et mon droyt.

A third standard.-Blue and red. A, a Lion passant gardant, argent, with five white roses. B, two white roses. C, five white roses. Motto-Dieu et mon droyt.

HENRY VII.-White and green. A, a Dragon gules; in chief, two red, and in base three white, roses. B, one red and one white rose. C, three red and two white roses. Motto-Dieu et mon droit.

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A second standard.-Similar, excepting that the dragon is vomiting flames, and that the other part is semée of flames, instead of roses. A third standard.-White and green. A, a Greyhound statant, argent, between four red roses. B, two red roses. C, five red roses, three and two.

A fourth standard.-Blue and red. A, the Lion of England imperially crowned. The whole banner semée of roses (the white engrafted on the red), irradiated, and fleurs de lis irregularly dispersed. Motto-Dieu et mon droit.

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A fifth standard.-White and green. A, a Greyhound courant, argent, collared gules. The whole banner semée of roses slipped (the white engrafted on the red), portcullises, and fleurs de lis, or

VOL. II.-PART III.

HENRY VIII.-White and green. A, a Dragon. The whole banner semée of roses slipped (the white rose engrafted on the red), fleurs de lis, or, and flames of fire, without any apparent regularity of arrange

ment.

[From the MS. marked 2nd M 16, in the College of Arms1.]

A declaracion aswell of Capiteignes theire Speires and Archers reteigned wyth our Sov eigne Lord Kyng Edward the 4th in his servise of Guerre into his Duchie of Normandye and his Realme of Fraunce as of theire wages for the second quarter paid by John Sorell and John Fitzherberd tellers of the Kings mony in his Receyt at Canterbury the moneth of Jun the 15 yere of the Reigne of our said Sov'eigne Lord Kyng Edward the iiij. [1475] that is to sey,